Table 4.
Logistic regression analyses for the primary and secondary outcomes among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
| Primary outcome |
Secondary outcomes |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite outcome (n=59) |
In-hospital death (n=19) |
ICU admission (n=13) |
RBC transfusion ≥5 packs within 24 hr (n=40) |
||||||
| AOR | P-value | AOR | P-value | AOR | P-value | AOR | P-value | ||
| Continuous variables | |||||||||
| Lactate | 1.22 (1.11–1.34) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) | 0.008 | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 0.071 | 1.24 (1.12–1.37) | < 0.001 | |
| Albumin | 0.36 (0.21–0.62) | < 0.001 | 0.34 (0.17–0.69) | 0.003 | 0.42 (0.18–0.97) | 0.043 | 0.45 (0.24–0.83) | 0.011 | |
| PT INR | 1.03 (0.73–1.44) | 0.878 | 1.16 (0.83–1.63) | 0.385 | |||||
| Hb | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) | 0.003 | 0.62 (0.51–0.75) | < 0.001 | |||||
| BUN | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.112 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.067 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.111 | |||
| Categorical variables | |||||||||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | |||||||||
| < 2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| ≥ 2, < 4 | 3.04 (1.37–6.74) | 0.006 | 5.00 (1.19–20.92) | 0.028 | 4.16 (0.97–17.88) | 0.056 | 2.60 (0.97–6.98) | 0.057 | |
| ≥ 4 | 6.60 (2.94–14.82) | < 0.001 | 11.10 (2.77–44.40) | 0.001 | 5.09 (1.11–23.38) | 0.036 | 5.98 (2.29–15.62) | < 0.001 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | |||||||||
| ≥ 3.0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| < 3.0 | 4.40 (2.12–9.12) | < 0.001 | 2.12 (0.75–6.02) | 0.156 | 1.76 (0.55–5.69) | 0.343 | 4.16 (1.69–10.25) | 0.002 | |
| PT INR | |||||||||
| ≤ 1.5 | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| > 1.5 | 1.13 (0.54–2.39) | 0.742 | 1.52 (0.66–3.50) | 0.322 | |||||
| Hb (g/dL) | |||||||||
| ≥ 12 | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| ≥ 10, < 12 | 0.84 (0.17–4.26) | 0.834 | 0.48 (0.13–1.78) | 0.270 | |||||
| < 10 | 1.92 (0.52–7.13) | 0.330 | |||||||
| BUN (mg/dL) | |||||||||
| < 18.2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| ≥ 18.2, < 22.4 | 2.44 (0.75–7.97) | 0.139 | 1.32 (0.28–6.18) | 0.725 | 3.29 (0.76–14.23) | 0.111 | |||
| ≥ 22.4, < 28 | 1.56 (0.42–5.79) | 0.508 | 0.51 (0.06–4.70) | 0.553 | 2.30 (0.48–11.13) | 0.299 | |||
| ≥ 28, < 70 | 1.45 (0.58–3.64) | 0.423 | 0.40 (0.11–1.48) | 0.170 | 2.11 (0.64–6.92) | 0.219 | |||
| ≥ 70 | 3.21 (1.01–10.19) | 0.048 | 2.72 (0.68–10.91) | 0.159 | 2.45 (0.55–10.92) | 0.239 | |||
Trend factors that showed a significance of P<0.1 in the univariate logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Only the following laboratory variables were included in the logistic regression analysis: lactate, albumin, PT INR, Hb, and BUN.
ICU, intensive care unit; RBC, red blood cell; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; PT INR, prothrombin time international normalized ratio; Hb, hemoglobin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.