Table 2.
Daily caloric intake, protein intake, insulin, and glucose data in two groups.
| Variable | Permissive underfeeding n = 25 | Standard feeding n = 25 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calculated caloric requirement (kcal/day), median (Q1, Q3) | 1746 (1585, 2075) | 1909 (1770, 2162) | 0.25 |
| Study caloric target (kcal/day) median (Q1, Q3) | 1071 (960, 1264) | 1909 (1770, 2162) | <0.0001 |
| Daily caloric intake | |||
| No. of kilocalories, median (Q1, Q3) | 990 (810.0, 1149.1) | 1339.1 (1136.1, 1695.1) | 0.004 |
| Percent of requirement, median (Q1, Q3) | 56.5 (51.1, 58.5) | 67.6 (55.7, 89.6) | 0.006 |
| Caloric source (kcal/day) median (Q1, Q3) | |||
| Enteral | 936.9 (7.9.3, 1018.4) | 1239.6 (1101.6, 1518.0) | 0.01 |
| Propofol | 85.4 (11.0, 141.8) | 78.6 (38.5, 232.7) | 0.45 |
| Intravenous dextrose | 0.0 (0.0, 17.9) | 0.0 (0.0, 29.10 | 0.51 |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 1.0 |
| Calculated protein requirement (g/day) median (Q1, Q3) | 84 (70, 95) | 88 (82, 97) | 0.16 |
| Daily total protein intake | |||
| No. of grams | 66.9 (47.0, 74.5) | 61.1 (48.5, 75.1) | 0.37 |
| Percent of requirement | 82.1 (69.0, 88.8) | 66.3 (50.3, 83.6) | 0.07 |
| Protein source (g/day), median (Q1, Q3) | |||
| Main enteral formula | 30.4 (25.0, 38.1) | 51.8 (32.5, 64.5) | 0.0007 |
| Supplemental enteral protein | 30.7 (22.3, 39.8) | 0.0 (0.0, 6.1) | <0.0001 |
| Parenteral protein | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.34 |
| Duration of intervention (days) median (Q1, Q3) | 13 (7, 14) | 14 (8, 14) | 0.33 |
| Co-interventions | |||
| Insulin | |||
| Use, no. (%) | 10 (40.0) | 12 (48.0) | 0.68 |
| Dose (units/day), median (Q1, Q3) | 0.0 (0.0, 23.4) | 0.0 (0.0, 20.6) | 0.47 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/liter), median (Q1, Q3) | 7.7 (6.6, 11.8) | 8.4 (7.0, 11.0) | 0.85 |
| Enteral formulae on day 1†, n. (%) | |||
| Disease-non-specific | 15 (60.0) | 13 (52.0) | 0.59 |
| Disease-specific | 10 (40.0) | 12 (48.0) | |
| Medications given during the ICU stay – n. (%) | |||
| Beta blockers | 10 (40.0) | 11 (44.0) | 0.77 |
| Aspirin | 4 (16.0) | 5 (20.0) | 0.82 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 1 (4.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.55 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Statins | 5 (20.0) | 4 (16.0) | 0.71 |
†Disease-nonspecific formula: Osmolite, Jevity, Promote, Ensure plus, Resource, Ensure, Resource plus, Jevity (1.2).
†Disease-specific formula: Glucerna, Nutric hepatic, Nepro, Pulmocare, Novasource Renal, Peptamen (1.0), Peptamen (1.2), Suplena, Oxepa.