Table 1.
Outcome of manipulation of FSH action and defects on testis mass, number of Sertoli cells, and completion of spermatogenesis.
| Treatment/mouse model/human condition | Species | Testis mass or volume (%)* | Number of Sertoli cells (%)* | Number of round (r) or elongated (e) spermatids (%) or sperm count (s)* | Ratio of round spermatids to number of Sertoli cells (%)* | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fshb knockout | Mouse | 40 | 57–70 | 40(r), 37(e) | 57 | (24, 25) |
| Fshr knockout | Mouse | 42 | 55** | 36(r)** | 69**,*** | (26) |
| FSHR null mutation 566CT; A189V | Human | 27–100 | n/a | oligospermic-normospermic (s) | n/a | (27) |
| FSHB missense, frameshift and truncating mutations | Human | 7–80 | n/a or reduced number of Sertoli cells | azoospermic (s) | n/a | (28) and references therein |
| Acvr2a knockout (stimulation of FSH prevented) | Mouse | 40–43 | 60–61 | 45(r), 41(e) | 75 | (24) |
| hpg (gonadotropin-deficient hypogonadal) + tgFSH expression | Mouse | 500 | 162** | Increased, but low (r), hardly detectable (e) | Cannot be measured due to the absence of spermatids in hpg mice | (29) |
| (hpg + T implant) + tgFSH expression | Mouse | 166 | 132** | 161(r), 184(e)** | 117** | (29) |
| Neonatal treatment with rhFSH | Rat | 124 | 149 | n/a | n/a | (30) |
| Fshr-CAMG1738C; D580HtgFSHR expression | Mouse | 94 | 85 | 87(r), 87(e) | 103 | (31) |
| LuRKO; Lhcgr knockout | Mouse | 19 | 29 | 4.8(r), 0(e) | 16 | (31) |
| Fshr-CAM/LuRKO crossbreed | Mouse | 86 | 83 | 94(r), 51(e) | 115 | (31) |
*
In comparison to corresponding controls in each experiment.
**
Estimated from the charts presented in the article.
***
All germ cells/Sertoli cells; n/a, data not available; rh, recombinant human; tg, transgenic; CAM, constitutively activating mutation.