Table 2.
Summary of clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of systemic sclerosis.
| Type of treatment | Route | Patient number | Clinical target | Clinical outcome | Adverse events | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous fat grafting (mean of 30 ml/hand) | Subcutaneous in hand | 9 | Raynaud's phenomenon | Improvement of perfusion and decrease of ulcer numbers | None | (75) |
| Autologous fat grafting (0.5–1 ml/finger) | Subcutaneous in hand | 15 | Digital ulcers | Improvement of digital ulcerations, hand grasping and pain | None | (76) |
| Combined platelet-rich plasma and lipofilling treatment | Subcutaneous in peri-oral location | 6 | Face skin fibrosis | Improvement of skin elasticity, labial rhyme opening and vascularization | None | (77) |
| Allogeneic BM-MSCs (106/kg bodyweight) | Intravenous | 1 | Systemic sclerosis | Reduction of ulceration and pain, improvement of hand vasculopathy | None | (78) |
| Allogeneic BM-MSCs (0.22–1.8 × 106/kg) | Intravenous | 5 | Systemic sclerosis | Improvement of skin fibrosis and vasculopathy | Minor respiratory tract infection | (79) |
| Autologous ASCs (4 to 8 × 106) | Subcutaneous peri-oral location | 6 | Localized skin scleroderma | Disease stabilization for all patients and improvement of skin elasticity in 4/6 patients | None | (63) |
| Autologous fat (16 ml) or ASCs (3.2 × 106) | Subcutaneous peri-oral location | 5 | Face skin fibrosis | Improvement of skin fibrosis & mouth opening | None | (80) |
| Autologous SVF (5 ml/hand) | Subcutaneous in hand | 12 (phase I trial) | Severe hand functional handicap | Improvement of pain, grasping capacity, finger edema, Raynaud's phenomenon, quality of life | None | (7) (81) (82) |