Table 3.

Behavior outcomes.

Author	Year	Outcome	Result music	Result comparator	P-value	Music; comparator
Xing	2016	MWM-test				Mozart K.448; AS
		TET	↓		<0.05
		TTQ	↑		<0.01
Xing	2016	MWM-test				Mozart K.448; AN
		TET	↓		<0.05
		TTQ	↑		<0.05
		Swimming speed	=		n.s.
		Swimming distance	=		n.s.
		Learning rate	↑		<0.05
Xing	2016	MWM-test				Mozart K.448; AN
		TET	↓		<0.01
		TTQ	↑		<0.05
Jiang	2016	MWM-test				MEA; EA
		TET	↓		<0.05
		TTQ	↑		<0.05
		Swimming speed	↑		<0.05
Lee	2016	SDAT	↑		<0.05	Classical music; Undisturbed
Amagdei	2010	T-maze				Mozart; NM
		Alteration
		Performance	↑		<0.01
		Response latency	=		n.s.
		MB test	=		n.s.
Cruz	2015	EPM-test				Mozart KV361; AN
		TTS	↑		<0.01
		EOA	↑		n.s.
		Grooming time	↑		<0.01
		Rearing time	↑		<0.01
Escribano	2014	EPM-test				Mozart K.448; AN
		TTS	↑		<0.01
		EOA	↑		<0.01
		LBD-test
		TSLS	↑		<0.01
		LBLS	↓		<0.01
de Camargo	2013	EPM test				Mozart KV361; AN
		TTS	↑		<0.05
		EOA	↑		<0.01
		OPF test
		Locomotion	↑		<0.01
		TTI	↓		<0.05
		ORT	=		n.s.
da Cruz	2011	EPM test				Mozart KV361; AN
		TTS	↑		<0.05
		EOA	=		n.s.
		OPF test
		Locomotion	=		n.s.
		TTI	=		n.s.
Li	2010	OPF-test				Chinese & Western Classical; WN
		Locomotion	=		n.s.
		TTC	↑		<0.01
		EPM-test
		TTS	↑		<0.05
		EOA	↑		<0.01
Meng	2009	OPF test	=		n.s.	Mozart K.448; AN
		Escape latency	↓		<0.05
		TTQ	↑		<0.05
		PA-task
		Escape latency	↑		<0.01
Xu	2009	ASDT				Mozart K.448; NM
		Correct licking	=		0.097
		Rate
		Performance index	↑		0.005
		SDDT	↑		<0.01
Feduccia	2008	CPP	=		n.s.	House Music; WN
Chikahisa	2007	EPM test				Mozart K.448; AN
		TTS	↑		<0.01
		EOA	↑		<0.01
		DOA	↑		<0.01
		OPF test
		TDO	=		n.s.
		TTC	↑		<0.05
		LDT test
		TSLS	↑		<0.05
		LBLS	↓		<0.05
		MB-test	↓		<0.05
Angelucci	2007a	PA task				New Age music; AN
		LBLS	↑		<0.05
		N trials to learn	↓		<0.05
Chikahisa	2006	X-maze test				Mozart K.448; WN
		Running time	=		n.s.
		Errors (N)	↓		<0.01
Kim	2006	Radial-arm maze test				Music; Control
		Total time to complete	63.00 ± 7.73	110.88 ± 14.42	<0.05
		N correct choice	6.90 ± 0.23	6.44 ± 0.29	n.s.
		N errors	3.20 ± 0.85	5.55 ± 1.00	n.s.
Morton	2001	CPP	↑		<0.01	Bach + METH; Silence + METH
		Stereotypy	↑		–
Rauscher	1998	Working time	34.72	44.29	<0.05	Mozart K.448; WN
		N errors	2.0	3.35	<0.01	WN

The signs “↑/↓/ = ” mean higher/ lower/ equal compared to control. NM, no music; WN, white noise; AN, ambient noise; AS, ambient sound; (M)EA, (musico) elektro acupuncture; MWM, Morris Water Maze; TET, Total Escape Time; TTQ, Time in Target Quadrant; SDAT, Step-down avoidance task; MB, marble burying; EPM, elevated-plus-maze; TTS, total time spent in open arms; EOA, entries in open arms; DOA, distance in open arms; LBT, Light-Dark Transition; TSLS, time spent light side; LBLS, latency before entering light side; OPF, open field; TDO, total distance in OPF test; TTC, total time center; TTI, total time immobile; ORT, object recognition test; PA-task, passive avoidance task; ASDT auditory signal detection test; SDDT, sound duration discrimination task; CPP, center place preference; X-maze, cross-maze.