Preparation of IL-24-iRGD-expressing plasmid vector. (A) A schematic of the pET19b-IL-24-iRGD expression vector. A His-tag was attached to the N-terminus of the IL-24 protein, while the iRGD peptide was attached to the C-terminus of the IL-24 protein by linker peptides. (B) 15% SDS-PAGE analysis of the expression and purification of IL-24-iRGD. Lane 1, molecular weight marker; lane 2, total cell protein from BL21 E. coli prior to IPTG induction; lane 3, total cell protein from BL21 E. coli induced by IPTG; lane 4, protein supernatant following lysis by ultrasonication; lane 5, protein precipitate following lysis; lanes 6, protein sample following purification by affinity chromatography. (C) Western blot analysis of IL-24 and IL-24-iRGD. Lane 1, molecular weight marker; lane 2, IL-24-iRGD; lane 3, IL-24. IL-24, interleukin-24; His, histidine; E. coli, Escherichia coli; IPTG, isopropy-β-D-thiogalactoside; Mw, molecular weight.