Table 1.

Study demographics (study population = 108)

	Younger controls (n = 24)	Age-matched controls (n = 16)	LVT− (n = 36)	LVT+ (n = 32)	P-valuea	P-valueb	P-valuec
Baseline characteristics
Age (years)	30 ± 10	57 ± 7	60 ± 9	61 ± 13	<0.01	0.7	1
Sex (female)	7	8	8	3	0.2	0.3	0.4
Body surface area (m²)	1.9 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.2	1.9 ± 0.2	2 ± 0.2	0.2	0.03	0.67
Smoker	0	0	23	13		<0.01	0.07
Hypertension	0	0	8	9		0.02	1
Hypercholesterolaemia	0	0	16	8		<0.01	0.14
Diabetes	0	0	2	8		0.48	0.01
Baseline clinical parameters
Systolic BP (mmHg)			131 ± 34	137 ± 16			0.5
Heart rate (b.p.m.)	64 ± 7	65 ± 15	65.5 ± 9	66 ± 12	1	0.10	0.3
KC 1			33	25			0.12
KC 2			3	7			0.12
Medical therapy at the time of recruitment
ACE-inhibitor			35	23			0.11
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors			35	20			0.07
β-blockers			35	23			0.11
Aspirin			35	20			0.07
Anti-coagulation			1	4			0.04
Blood results
Haemoglobin (g/dL)			144 ± 14	141 ± 12			0.99
eGFR			83.7 ± 9	77 ± 17			0.08
C-reactive protein (mg/L)			36 ± 38	24 ± 22			0.55
HBA1c (mmol/mol)			41.5 ± 11	47 ± 18			0.28

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or count (n).

BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; KC, heart failure Killip class.

^aYounger controls vs. older age-matched to patient controls.

^bAge-matched controls vs. LVT−.

^cLVT− vs. LVT+.