Table 3.

Detailed mapping of left ventricular kinetic energy

	Younger controls (n = 24)	Age-matched controls (n = 16)	LVT−	LVT+	P-valuea	P-valueb	P-valuec
Global LV kinetic energy
LVd	10 ± 4	8.3 ± 1.5	6.3 ± 2	5.6 ± 2	0.63	0.01	0.19
Minimald	1 ± 0.4	0.9 ± 0.5	0.7 ± 0.56	0.8 ± 0.61	0.64	0.07	0.19
Systolicd	10 ± 3	9 ± 4	6.6 ± 2	6.7 ± 3	0.98	<0.01	0.65
Diastolicd	10 ± 4	8 ± 2	5.9 ± 3	5.4 ± 2	0.47	0.07	0.31
Peak E-waved	25 ± 13	22 ± 12	12.4 ± 7	10.8 ± 8	0.01	<0.01	0.54
Peak A-waved	9 ± 5	13 ± 10	11 ± 5	9.5 ± 5	0.01	0.15	0.08
In-plane KE (%)	33 ± 10	37 ± 6	36 ± 7	40 ± 5	0.27	0.82	0.02
Relative KE drop from base to apex (%)
E-wave (B→M)	60 ± 18	52 ± 12	56 ± 16	65 ± 27	0.18	0.42	0.22
A-wave (B→M)	69 ± 12	68 ± 2	64 ± 17	60 ± 33	0.36	0.69	0.08
E-wave (M→A)	88 ± 8	89 ± 5	89 ± 9	89 ± 10	0.44	0.7	0.38
A-wave (M→A)	78 ± 10	78 ± 11	78 ± 14	87 ± 9	0.34	0.27	<0.01

Data are presented as median ± interquartile range or count (n). Unit of normalized kinetic energy: μJ/mL.

B→M, base to mid-ventricle; KE, kinetic energy; M→A, mid-ventricle to apex.

^aYounger controls vs. older age-matched to patient controls.

^bAge-matched controls vs. LVT−.

^cLVT− vs. LVT+.

^dKEi_EDV variables (μJ/mL).