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. 2018 Nov 9;29(12):4110–4118. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00733

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(a) Typical QCM-D measurement of the full process of PLL-OEG(30.3)-Mal(1.8) adsorption, PNA coupling and cDNA binding on a gold substrate. Both the main frequency (Δf, blue) and the dissipation (ΔD, red) are displayed. Example of five normalized Δf for the (b) PNA-thiol probe and (c) cDNA absorption steps using different PLL polymers with increasing maleimide densities (Mal = 0.0–9.1%). The dashed lines refer to the positions used to calculate the Δf of the corresponding step. In all the multistep adsorption experiments the concentrations were 0.3 mg/mL for the modified PLL solutions, and 1 μM for both the PNA-thiol and cDNA solutions. PBS washing steps at pH 7.2 (gray bars) were placed between adsorption steps. The fifth overtone was used for both the frequency and the dissipation.