Table 3.
Major risk factors of community-acquired AKI by age groups
| Risk Factors | All Ages | 1 mo to 1 yr | 2–10 yr | 11–18 yr | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freq (%) | ORa (95% CI) | PAF (%) | Freq (%) | ORa (95% CI) | PAF (%) | Freq (%) | ORa (95% CI) | PAF (%) | Freq (%) | ORa (95% CI) | PAF (%) | |
| Diarrhea/dehydration | 6 | 1.91 (1.76 to 2.08) | 6 | 12 | 2.05 (1.85 to 2.28) | 9 | 4 | 1.74 (1.50 to 2.01) | 3 | 2 | 1.79 (1.25 to 2.58) | 2 |
| Sepsis | 7 | 1.69 (1.56 to 1.84) | 6 | 9 | 1.71 (1.52 to 1.92) | 7 | 6 | 1.55 (1.36 to 1.77) | 4 | 4 | 2.20 (1.68 to 2.87) | 5 |
| GN | 6 | 2.34 (2.12 to 2.57) | 5 | 0.4 | 2.84 (1.80 to 4.46) | 0.6 | 7 | 1.68 (1.47 to 1.93) | 4 | 12 | 3.08 (2.60 to 3.65) | 20 |
| Respiratory infection | 33 | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) | 4 | 45 | 1.15 (1.05 to 1.26) | 5 | 30 | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.12) | 0.9 | 17 | 1.43 (1.21 to 1.70) | 9 |
| Shock | 2 | 2.81 (2.49 to 3.17) | 4 | 2 | 2.88 (2.37 to 3.50) | 4 | 2 | 2.75 (2.30 to 3.29) | 4 | 2 | 2.86 (2.04 to 3.99) | 4 |
| Respiratory failure | 4 | 1.55 (1.40 to 1.71) | 3 | 8 | 1.53 (1.34 to 1.75) | 4 | 3 | 1.67 (1.41 to 1.98) | 3 | 2 | 1.43 (0.97 to 2.09) | 1 |
| Intestinal obstruction | 3 | 2.00 (1.77 to 2.26) | 2 | 4 | 2.07 (1.75 to 2.46) | 3 | 3 | 2.10 (1.72 to 2.55) | 2 | 2 | 1.54 (0.99 to 2.41) | 0.8 |
| Heart failure | 5 | 1.36 (1.21 to 1.52) | 2 | 10 | 1.33 (1.16 to 1.53) | 2 | 3 | 1.44 (1.16 to 1.79) | 1 | 2 | 1.39 (0.88 to 2.20) | 0.7 |
| Trauma/burn | 4 | 1.59 (1.40 to 1.81) | 1 | 1 | 1.31 (0.95 to 1.81) | 0.3 | 5 | 1.56 (1.33 to 1.83) | 2 | 4 | 1.70 (1.22 to 2.38) | 2 |
| Urinary tract obstruction | 1 | 2.20 (1.84 to 2.63) | 1 | 2 | 1.63 (1.22 to 2.17) | 0.6 | 1 | 3.26 (2.51 to 4.23) | 2 | 1 | 2.33 (1.50 to 3.62) | 2 |
| Anemia | 7 | 1.13 (1.04 to 1.23) | 1 | 10 | 1.11 (0.98 to 1.26) | 1 | 6 | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) | 1 | 5 | 1.29 (1.00 to 1.65) | 2 |
| Malnutrition | 2 | 1.38 (1.21 to 1.58) | 1 | 4 | 1.71 (1.46 to 1.99) | 3 | 1 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.18) | NA | 0.6 | 0.40 (0.17 to 0.92) | NA |
| Epilepsy | 4 | 1.35 (1.20 to 1.52) | 1 | 3 | 1.57 (1.31 to 1.89) | 2 | 4 | 1.21 (1.01 to 1.44) | 0.7 | 2 | 1.55 (1.04 to 2.30) | 0.9 |
| Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | 0.7 | 1.89 (1.55 to 2.31) | 0.9 | 1 | 1.83 (1.40 to 2.41) | 1 | 0.6 | 1.77 (1.29 to 2.43) | 0.9 | — | — | — |
| Urinary tract infection | 1 | 1.55 (1.31 to 1.83) | 0.8 | 1 | 1.31 (0.98 to 1.75) | 0.4 | 1 | 1.68 (1.31 to 2.16) | 1 | 1 | 1.83 (1.25 to 2.68) | 2 |
| Preterm | 0.7 | 1.58 (1.20 to 2.09) | 0.6 | 2 | 1.21 (0.88 to 1.65) | 0.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Diabetes | 0.3 | 4.33 (3.21 to 5.86) | 0.6 | — | — | — | 0.2 | 3.45 (2.09 to 5.69) | 0.4 | 0.9 | 5.90 (3.94 to 8.82) | 3 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 6 | 1.12 (1.00 to 1.26) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.21 (0.73 to 2.00) | 0.1 | 8 | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.28) | 0.7 | 9 | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.44) | 1 |
Freq, frequency; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; PAF, population attributable fraction; —, did not estimate due to insufficient number of observations.
a
Adjusted by age, sex, baseline serum creatinine, comorbidities, center, and the need for intensive care.