Table 2.

Summary of study methods and findings for studies targeting the upper limb

	Electrode montage	Intensity	Electrode area	Control	No. sessions	Stimulation duration	Participants	N	Motor training	Summary of findings
Moura et al., 2017 [18]	Anode ipsilesional M1, Cathode contralateral supraorbital ridge	1 mA	25 cm2	Sham group	1	20 min	Spastic hemiplegia, 6–12 years	10 per group	20 min reaching training with constraint	↓ total movement duration during reaching. No other changes
Auvichayapat et al., 2017 [13]	Anode left M1, Cathode contralateral shoulder	1 mA	35 cm2	None	5	20 min	Hemiparetic/ diparetic with spasticity of right UL, 8–12 years	10	Not mentioned	↓ Tardieu score ↑ one aspect of QUEST
Aree-Uea et al., 2014 [19]	Anode left M1, Cathode right shoulder	1 mA	35 cm2	Sham group	5	20 min	Spastic hemiplegia of right UL, 8–18 years	23 per group	Physical therapy, including stretches	↓ MAS ↑ passive shoulder abduction ROM
Gillick et al., 2018 [20]	Cathode contralesional M1, Anode contralateral supraorbital ridge	0.7 mA	Not specified	Sham group	10	20 min	Hemiparetic, 7–21 years	10 per group	120 min CIMT	↑ AHA, no difference between groups. No change COPM
Kirton et al., 2017 [21]	Cathode contralesional, Anode contralateral supraorbital ridge	1 mA	35 cm2	Sham group	10	20 min	Hemiparetic, 6–18 years	12 active, 11 sham	120 min CIMT	↑ COPM

UL Upper limb, CIMT Constraint induced movement therapy, QUEST Quality of upper extremity skills test, MAS Modified Ashworth scale, ROM Range of movement, AHA Assisting hands assessment, COPM Canadian occupational performance measure