Table 4.
Associations between four PAH metabolites and birth outcomes by multiple linear regression in different models
| Model | Birth outcomes | β (p) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-OH NAP | 2-OH FLU | 9-OH PHE | 1-OH PYR | ||
| Model 1 | BW | −73.66 (0.035) | −78.83 (0.038) | −45.04 (0.172) | −46.39 (0.109) |
| BL | −0.19 (0.217) | 0.06 (0.716) | 0.07 (0.636) | 0.22 (0.082) | |
| BHC | − 0.09 (0.401) | − 0.08 (0.503) | − 0.11 (0.312) | − 0.04 (0.675) | |
| PI | − 0.03 (0.194) | − 0.08 (0.004) | − 0.05 (0.018) | − 0.08 (0.001) | |
| CI | 2.18 (0.017) | 2.24 (0.024) | 1.20 (0.164) | 1.36 (0.072) | |
| Model 2 | BW | −83.14 (0.009) | −82.82 (0.016) | −51.20 (0.087) | −45.19 (0.086) |
| BL | −0.20 (0.180) | 0.06 (0.710) | 0.06 (0.681) | 0.24 (0.055) | |
| BHC | −0.12 (0.239) | −0.09 (0.405) | − 0.13 (0.196) | −0.04 (0.681) | |
| PI | −0.04 (0.120) | −0.08 (0.002) | − 0.06 (0.010) | −0.08 (0.001) | |
| CI | 2.38 (0.005) | 2.31 (0.012) | 1.34 (0.095) | 1.32 (0.061) | |
| Model 3 | BW | −71.18 (0.055) | −79.54 (0.125) | 28.16 (0.584) | 6.27 (0.885) |
| BL | −0.32 (0.069) | − 0.20 (0.401) | −0.15 (0.540) | 0.55 (0.070) | |
| BHC | −0.08 (0.506) | −0.05 (0.771) | − 0.16 (0.349) | 0.13 (0.372) | |
| PI | −0.01 (0.858) | −0.02 (0.531) | 0.04 (0.294) | −0.09 (0.005) | |
| CI | 2.06 (0.037) | 2.18 (0.115) | −1.06 (0.440) | 0.06 (0.960) | |
| Model 4 | BW | −71.83 (0.053) | −89.69 (0.088) | 38.95 (0.457) | 2.54 (0.953) |
| BL | −0.31 (0.071) | −0.21 (0.399) | − 0.14 (0.567) | 0.55 (0.080) | |
| BHC | −0.08 (0.506) | − 0.03 (0.858) | − 0.18 (0.296) | 0.13 (0.353) | |
| PI | −0.01 (0.831) | −0.03 (0.402) | 0.05 (0.211) | −0.09 (0.004) | |
| CI | 2.09 (0.035) | 2.55 (0.069) | −1.46 (0.297) | 0.19 (0.869) | |
Model 1: unadjusted for covariates
Model 2: adjusted for maternal BMI and gestational age
Model 3: adjusted for potential confounding factors (parity, maternal BMI, maternal age, gender of newborn, gestational age, eating grilled meat, passive smoking, and levels of the other three PAH metabolites)
Model 4: fully adjusted for potential confounding factors (parity, maternal BMI, maternal age, gender of newborn, gestational age, eating grilled meat, passive smoking, and levels of the other three PAH metabolites, urinary phenol, and cord blood lead)
The bold presented a p-value less than 0.05