Table 4.
Multinomial-ordinal and Multinomial-nominal Models of Factors Predicting Alcohol Use by AUDIT Score Category among Secondary School Students in Botswana
| Model 1A Hazardous alcohol use vs. no use. |
Model 1B Hazardous alcohol use vs. lower risk use |
Model 2A Hazardous alcohol use vs. No use |
Model 2B Hazardous alcohol use vs. lower-risk use |
Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Models Risk | ||||||||||||
| Peer models risk | 1.55** | 1.13–2.13 | 1.18 | 0.92–1.51 | 1.63** | 1.11–2.27 | 1.14 | 0.90–1.44 | 1.32** | 1.09–1.59 | 1.28** | 1.06–1.54 |
| Sibling drinks alcohol | 1.23 | 0.84–1.79 | 1.28 | 0.90–1.81 | 1.29 | 0.88–1.89 | 1.32 | 0.94–1.85 | 1.21 | 0.94–1.57 | 1.20 | 0.93–1.56 |
| Problem drinker at home | 0.95 | 0.65–1.39 | 1.18 | 0.84–1.66 | 1.01 | 0.70–1.47 | 1.21 | 0.86–1.71 | 1.12 | 0.91–1.38 | 1.11 | 0.90–1.38 |
| Opportunity Risk | ||||||||||||
| Alcohol availability at home | 1.42*** | 1.21–1.67 | 1.08 | 0.91–1.28 | 1.38*** | 1.19–1.60 | 1.07 | 0.90–1.27 | 1.29*** | 1.16–1.42 | 1.29*** | 1.17–1.43 |
| Alcohol availability in community | 7.26*** | 5.26–10.0 | 4.01*** | 2.87–5.59 | 7.21*** | 5.32–9.77 | 3.85*** | 2.72–5.46 | 4.19*** | 3.51–5.00 | 4.02*** | 3.38–4.78 |
| Vulnerability Risk | ||||||||||||
| Social Vulnerability Risk | 1.03 | 0.84–1.25 | 1.06 | 0.82–1.37 | 1.08 | 0.90–1.31 | 1.08 | 0.84–1.39 | 1.10 | 0.92–1.31 | 1.10 | 0.93–1.30 |
| Individual Vulnerability Risk | ||||||||||||
| Low perception of self | 0.91 | 0.67–1.24 | 0.73 | 0.52–1.03 | 0.93 | 0.70–1.24 | 0.72 | 0.51–1.03 | 1.05 | 0.82–1.34 | 1.10 | 0.85–1.41 |
| Low expectations of the future | 1.76*** | 1.43–2.17 | 1.63*** | 1.28–2.08 | 1.75*** | 1.40–2.18 | 1.55*** | 1.19–2.02 | 1.22** | 1.05–1.43 | 1.23** | 1.05–1.44 |
| Suicidal Ideation | 1.28 | 0.92–1.80 | 1.18 | 0.96–1.45 | 1.40* | 1.00–1.95 | 1.28 | 0.97–1.68 | 1.35** | 1.07–1.70 | 1.29* | 1.02–1.63 |
| Demographic variables | ||||||||||||
| Age | 0.89* | 0.79–1.00 | 1.05 | 0.94–1.18 | 0.90* | 0.83–0.98 | 0.90 | 0.82–0.98 | ||||
| Male gender | 1.66** | 1.11–2.48 | 1.43 | 0.94–2.19 | 1.24 | 0.92–1.66 | 1.25 | 0.93–1.66 | ||||
| Urban location | 1.41 | 0.98–2.04 | 1.29 | 0.91–1.83 | 1.12 | 0.86–1.45 | 1.13 | 0.87–1.46 | ||||
| Support Protection | 1.20 | 0.94–1.53 | 1.20 | 0.95–1.53 | ||||||||
| Models Protection | 0.90 | 0.73–1.11 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.11 | ||||||||
| Controls Protection | ||||||||||||
| Individual Controls Protection | 0.85 | 0.70–1.02 | 0.84 | 0.70–1.01 | ||||||||
| Social Controls Protection | 0.66** | 0.49–0.88 | ||||||||||
| Family monitoring | 0.77** | 0.65–0.91 | ||||||||||
| Peer disapproval of substance use | 0.79*** | 0.69–0.90 | ||||||||||
| Peers view academic achievement as important | 1.02 | 0.89–1.16 | ||||||||||
| School Attachment | 1.00 | 0.90–1.13 | ||||||||||
*** p-value ≤0.001, ** p-value ≤0.01, *p-value ≤0.05