Table 5.

Binomial logit models of risk and protective factors predicting drug use among secondary school students in Botswana

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Models Risk
Peer models risk	1.06	0.86–1.31	1.06	0.86–1.30	1.01	0.81–1.26	0.94	0.75–1.19
Sibling drinks alcohol	1.01	0.76–1.34	1.00	0.75–1.33	1.09	0.85–1.41	1.12	0.87–1.44
Problem drinker at home	1.11	0.80–1.54	1.12	0.82–1.52	1.19	0.88–1.62	1.21	0.87–1.67
Opportunity Risk
Alcohol availability at home	1.16*	1.02–1.33	1.14*	1.01–1.29	1.09	0.98–1.22	1.09	0.97–1.22
Alcohol availability in community	2.76***	2.26—3.36	2.56***	2.10–3.14	2.22***	1.79–2.76	2.11***	1.71–2.62
Vulnerability Risk
Social Vulnerability Risk	1.14	0.91–1.94	1.22	0.97–1.52	1.27*	1.02–1.58	1.28*	1.02–1.60
Individual Vulnerability Risk
Low perception of self	1.38	0.98–1.94	1.39	0.99–1.96	1.15	0.84–1.58	1.21	0.87–1.67
Low expectations of the future	1.44**	1.09–1.92	1.36*	1.03–1.79	1.18	0.88–1.59	1.20	0.88–1.62
Suicidal Ideation	1.40**	1.09–1.80	1.73***	1.28–2.32	1.65**	1.16–2.35	1.61**	1.11–2.33
Demographic variables
Age			1.03	0.90–1.17	1.04	0.91–1.18	1.02	0.89–1.17
Male gender			2.51***	1.70–3.70	2.10***	1.43–3.08	2.11***	1.47–3.01
Urban location			1.28	0.90–1.83	1.23	0.88–1.70	1.18	0.86–1.63
Support Protection					1.14	0.83–1.55	1.10	0.79–1.52
Models Protection					1.18	0.90–1.55	1.22	0.93–1.60
Controls Protection
Individual Controls Protection					0.82	0.65–1.02	0.80*	0.64–1.00
Social Controls Protection					0.36***	0.26–0.51
Family monitoring							0.77	0.59–1.02
Peer disapproval of substance use							0.57***	0.49–0.65
Peers view academic achievement as important							1.03	0.92–1.15
School attachment							0.77*	0.59–1.00

*** p-value ≤0.001, ** p-value ≤0.01, *p-value ≤0.05