Table. Environmental exposures and colonization with chloramphenicol-resistant and CTX-M-55–encoding ESBL-producing Escherichia coli among healthy women, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2015–2016.
| Variable |
CHL resistance |
|
ESBL type | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistant, no. (%),
n = 29 |
Susceptible, no. (%),
n = 59 |
OR
(95% CI) |
aOR (95% CI) |
CTX-M-55, no. (%),
n = 26 |
Other,
no. (%),
n = 62 |
OR
(95% CI) |
aOR
(95% CI) |
||
| Persons living in home | |||||||||
| >8 | 5 (17) | 10 (17) | 1.1 (0.3–3.7) | 3 (12) | 12 (19) | 0.6 (0.1–2.5) | |||
| 6–8 | 9 (31) | 19 (32) | 1.1 (0.3–3.7) | 10 (38) | 18 (29) | 1.4 (0.5–3.7) | |||
|
<5 |
15 (52) |
30 (51) |
Referent |
|
|
13 (50) |
32 (52) |
Referent |
|
| Place of delivery | |||||||||
| Private clinic | 5 (17) | 17 (29) | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | 4 (15) | 18 (29) | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | |||
| Hospital | 11 (38) | 20 (34) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 9 (35) | 22 (35) | 0.7 (0.2–1.9) | |||
| Health center |
13 (45) |
22 (37) |
Referent |
|
|
13 (50) |
22 (35) |
Referent |
|
| Received antimicrobial drugs at delivery† | 2 (7) | 11 (19) | 0.3 (0.1–1.3) | 0.2 (0.0–1.1) | 1 (4) | 12 (19) | 0.2 (0–1.3) | 0.2 (0.0–1.4) | |
| Untreated drinking water | 5 (17) | 7 (12) | 1.5 (0.4–5.3) | 4 (15) | 8 (13) | 1.2 (0.3–4.5) | |||
| Toilet shared‡ | 11 (38) | 16 (27) | 1.6 (0.6–4.2) | 5 (19) | 22 (35) | 0.4 (0.1–1.3) | |||
| Nonflush toilet | 26 (90) | 47 (80) | 2.2 (0.6–8.5) | 24 (92) | 49 (79) | 3.2 (0.7–15.3) | |||
| Pet contact | 6 (21) | 13 (22) | 0.9 (0.3–2.7) | 6 (23) | 13 (21) | 1.1 (0.4–3.4) | |||
| Live poultry contact |
4 (14) |
7 (12) |
1.2
(0.3–4.4) |
|
|
6 (23) |
5 (8) |
3.4
(0.9–12.4) |
4.6
(1.1–19.3) |
| Consumption habits | |||||||||
| Dried pork >1×/wk | 15 (52) | 32 (54) | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 11 (42) | 36 (58) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | |||
| Dried beef | 17 (59) | 38 (64) | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 20 (77) | 35 (56) | 2.6 (0.9–7.3) | |||
| Dried poultry | 27 (93) | 39 (66) | 7.9 (1.7–36.4) | 9.0 (1.8–45.2) | 22 (85) | 44 (71) | 2.3 (0.7–7.5) | ||
| Pork >3×/wk | 22 (76) | 53 (90) | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 0.2 (0.1–1.1) | 23 (88) | 52 (84) | 1.5 (0.4–5.9) | ||
| Insects | 21 (72) | 33 (56) | 2.2 (0.8–5.7) | 16 (62) | 38 (61) | 1 (0.4–2.6) | |||
| Raw vegetables >1×/wk | 5 (17) | 8 (14) | 1.3 (0.4–4.5) | 3 (12) | 10 (16) | 0.7 (0.2–2.7) | |||
*Blank cells indicate variable not included in multivariate models. aOR, adjusted (for age) OR; CHL, chloramphenicol; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; OR, odds ratio. †Not reported for 4 women (missing data). All 4 were colonized with CHL-susceptible ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. One woman was colonized with CTX-M-55–type E. coli, whereas the other 3 were colonized with other CTX-M–encoded isolates. ‡With persons in other households.