Histologic examination of frontal and parietal bone defect healing with β-catenin shRNA. (A–D) Coronal cross-sectional images of bone defects at low-magnification (4 × ) and corresponding (10 × ) images. (A) Frontal bone defects with lentiviral-delivered control shRNA. (B) Frontal bone defects with lentiviral-delivered β-catenin shRNA. (C) Parietal bone defects with lentiviral-delivered control shRNA. (D) Parietal bone defects with lentiviral-delivered β-catenin shRNA. (E, F) Histomorphometric analysis of serial hematoxylin and eosin sections, quantifying (E) bone area, and (F) residual, relative bone defect length. *p < 0.05; N = 3 mice per PBS and shRNA control group; N = 5 mice per β-catenin shRNA group: N = 12 images analyzed per sample. Large arrowheads indicate original defect location, while small arrowheads indicate extent of bone healing. Scale bars: 200 μm for 4 × images and 100 μm for 10 × images.