Table 5.

Results from mediation analysis concerning the mediation relationship among EF, VWM (DIGIT), and mental rotation after controlling for age and gender.

Name	Path	Estimate	Standard error	t_ratio	p_value
Mediation Model 2.a: the Tower Test indicates EF
a	DIGIT ← TOWERA	0.226	0.098	2.285	0.022
b	MRTT ← DIGIT	0.104	0.125	0.822	0.410
c	MRTT ← TOWERA	0.302	0.151	2.000	0.045
ag	DIGIT ← GENDER	0.402	0.488	0.821	0.411
aa	DIGIT ← AGE	0.040	0.038	1.036	0.299
cg	MRTT ← GENDER	2.338	0.737	3.171	0.001
ca	MRTT ← AGE	-0.105	0.057	-1.822	0.068
s1	TOWERA ↔ TOWERA	4.572	0.540	8.455	0.000
s2	GENDER ↔ GENDER	0.196	0.023	8.455	0.000
s3	AGE ↔ AGE	31.703	3.749	8.455	0.000
cs4	GENDER ↔ TOWERA	0.185	0.080	2.292	0.021
cs5	AGE ↔ GENDER	0.664	0.215	3.081	0.002
cs6	AGE ↔ TOWERA	1.911	1.019	1.874	0.060
s7	DIGIT ↔ DIGIT	6.045	0.714	8.455	0.000
s8	MRTT ↔ MRTT	13.687	1.618	8.455	0.000
a∗b	Mediation effect	0.023	0.030	0.774	0.439
Mediation Model 2.b: the Color-Interference Test Indicates EF
a	DIGIT ← CITINSW	0.080	0.091	0.873	0.382
b	MRTT ← DIGIT	0.150	0.125	1.192	0.233
c	MRTT ←CITINSW	0.040	0.137	0.290	0.771
ag	DIGIT ← GENDER	0.597	0.495	1.205	0.227
aa	DIGIT ← AGE	0.052	0.038	1.340	0.180
cg	MRTT ← GENDER	2.655	0.746	3.556	0.000
ca	MRTT ← AGE	-0.089	0.058	-1.516	0.129
s1	CITINSW ↔ CITINSW	5.289	0.625	8.455	0.000
s2	GENDER ↔ GENDER	0.191	0.022	8.455	0.000
s3	AGE ↔ AGE	31.088	3.676	8.455	0.000
cs4	GENDER ↔ CITINSW	-0.009	0.083	-0.109	0.912
cs5	AGE ↔ GENDER	0.585	0.209	2.794	0.005
cs6	AGE ↔ CITINSW	-0.203	1.072	-0.189	0.849
s7	DIGIT ↔ DIGIT	6.301	0.745	8.455	0.000
s8	MRTT ↔ MRTT	14.168	1.675	8.455	0.000
a∗b	Mediation Effect	0.012	0.017	0.705	0.481