Table 3.
Selection of studies on IOP indices and glaucoma progression
| Author(s), year, journal | Patient groups | Results |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Studies with significant short-term IOP fluctuation and glaucoma progression | ||
|
| ||
| David et al, 1992, BJO19 | 690 diurnal curves (OHT, OAG, CACG, others, healthy eyes) | Significant difference in IOP variation between healthy, OAG, and CACG. |
| Thomas et al, 2003, Indian J Ophthalmol23 | 23 OHT patients | 17% progressed. Bilateral OHT, higher peak IOP, and large diurnal IOP variation were risk factors for progression. |
| Tajunisah et al, 2007, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol22 | 202 eyes with OAG, NTG, OHT or suspected glaucoma 100 healthy eyes | IOP variance was significantly higher in glaucoma or suspected glaucoma patients than in healthy patients. |
| Jonas et al, 2010, J Ophthalmic Vis Res21 | 1,072 OAG eyes (POAG, SOAG, NTG, others) 336 healthy eyes | IOP fluctuation was significantly higher in SOAG patients than in NTG or healthy patients. |
| Grippo et al, 2013, IOVS20 | 24 healthy 15 OHT patients 24 glaucoma patients | Significant diurnal sitting and supine IOP variation between all groups. No nocturnal difference. 33% of OHT converted to glaucoma. |
|
| ||
| Studies with no significant short-term IOP fluctuation and glaucoma progression | ||
|
| ||
| Jonas et al, 2007, Eye (Lond)24 | 174 eyes with OHT 681 eyes with POAG | No significant association between IOP amplitude and glaucoma progression (19% progression rate). |
| Sung et al, 2009, IOVS26 | 101 NTG patients | 29% progressed. Ocular perfusion pressure but not IOP itself was significantly associated with progression. |
| Sehi et al, 2011, J Glaucoma25 | 14 untreated POAG patients 14 healthy | No significant association between diurnal IOP change and optic nerve appearance on HRT. |
| Wang et al, 2011, IOVS27 | 47 untreated POAG patients | No significant association between 24 hours IOP fluctuation and VF progression. No significant difference in IOP between the glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eye. |
| Lee et al, 2012, IOVS16 | 177 NTG patients | No correlations between 24-hour IOP parameters and VF results. |
|
| ||
| Studies with significant long-term IOP fluctuation and glaucoma progression | ||
|
| ||
| Nouri-Mahdavi et al, 2004, Ophthalmology32 Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study | 401 refractory OAG patients | For each mmHg increase in IOP fluctuation, the risk of VF progression increased by 30%. |
| Hong et al, 2007, Arch Ophthalmol29 | 408 eyes (POAG, PACG) after combined cataract surgery + trabeculectomy | 30% progressed with IOP SD >2 mmHg compared to 10% with IOP SD <2 mmHg (over at least 3 years). |
| Lee et al, 2007, Am J Ophthalmol30 | 151 patients with POAG, NTG, OHT or suspected glaucoma | SD of IOP was significantly associated with progression. Each mmHg increase in IOP SD increased the likelihood of progression by a factor of 5.5. |
| Fukuchi et al, 2013, J Glaucoma35 | 121 high-tension OAG patients 166 NTG patients | NTG fast-progressors had a greater IOP SD and larger IOP fluctuation than non-progressors. High-tension OAG had a higher mean IOP but not IOP fluctuation. |
| Rao et al, 2013, J Glaucoma33 | 213 treated POAG or PACG patients | Long-term IOP fluctuation was associated with increased VF progression (worsened by 0.35%/year for every mmHg increase in fluctuation). |
| Bengtsson and Heijl, 2005, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol34 Malmö Ocular Hypertension Study | 90 OHT patients | No significant association between IOP fluctuation and progression to glaucoma. |
| Bengtsson et al, 2007, Ophthalmology6 Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial | 129 treated glaucoma patients 126 healthy | Non-significant positive correlation between progression and IOP SD. Significant negative correlation of mean IOP. |
| Medeiros et al, 2008, Ophthalmology31 | 126 untreated OHT patients | Significant positive correlation between mean IOP and SD and progression but not IOP fluctuation. |
| De Moraes et al, 2011, Arch Ophthalmol7 Glaucoma Progression Study | 587 glaucoma patients | Peak IOP, but not SD, was associated with glaucoma progression. |
| Fogagnolo et al, 2013, Ophthalmologica28 | 52 treated POAG patients | 54% progressed. No significant difference in short- or long-term IOP fluctuation between progressed and stable patients. |
Abbreviations: CACG, chronic angle-closure glaucoma; HRT, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph; IOP, intraocular pressure; NTG, normal tension glaucoma; OAG, open-angle glaucoma; OHT, ocular hypertension; PACG, primary angle-closure glaucoma; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; SOAG, secondary open-angle glaucoma; VF, visual field.