Figure 2.
Ex vivo permeation profile of VNP-TPGS-ALA transdermal patch formulations: F1–F5 (A); F6–F10 (B); and F11–F15 (C).
Abbreviations: ALA, alpha lipoic acid; TPGS, D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; VNP, vinpocetine.
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