Table 4.

Student-related challenges in K-12 flipped classrooms

	Category	Descriptions	Supported citations
1.	Familiarity of flipped classroom	Some students held a conventional view of learning.	Snyder et al. 2014; Wang 2016
		Some students did not get used to the routines of flipped classroom approach.	Clark 2015; Schultz et al. 2014; Snyder et al. 2014
2.	Video lectures	Instructional videos were too long; and students could not focus on watching videos.	Kettle 2013; Schultz et al. 2014
		Watching videos were boring and passive.	Snyder et al. 2014
3.	In-class activities	Some students needed more clear instructions on how to work productivity in groups during class.	Grypp and Luebeck 2015
4.	Student workload	Pre-class activities were time consuming and overwhelmed students’ time at home.	Schultz et al. 2014; Snyder et al. 2014; Wang 2016
5.	Out-of-class supports	Students could not ask questions immediately during video lectures.	Bhagat et al. 2016; Schultz et al. 2014