Figure 9. Summary of stage duration and pigmentation changes in B. impatiens worker pupae and callows.

Colored bars illustrate timing of pigmentation on different body parts. Bumble bee pupal staging applying the honey bee criteria (Rembold, Kremer & Ulrich, 1980) is compared to the newly developed staging system. Details on the timing of bumble bee stages relative to the honey bee are provided in Table S2.