Figure 5. ATP counteracts CO induced–metabolic switch in adipocytes and reverses CO-induced increase in insulin sensitivity.

Intracellular ATP (A) was measured after exposure of vehicle (H₂O) or ATP encapsulated in liposome. OCR (B) and ECAR (C) were measured for 6 hours after addition of iCORM (50 μM) or CORM-401 (50 μM) with or without vehicle (H₂O) or ATP encapsulated in liposome. Lactate content (D) after exposure of iCORM or CORM-401 with or without ATP. Expression of total Akt and phosphorylated Akt assessed by Western blot (E and F). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 3–4 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 vs. control group (CON), ^#P < 0.05 vs. insulin, Student’s t test or 1-way ANOVA with Fisher multiple comparison test. Values not designated with symbols are not statistically different.