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. 2018 Dec 17;16:1479973118816497. doi: 10.1177/1479973118816497

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© The Author(s) 2018

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Setting for the isokinetic endurance test of 30 maximal repetitions at 90°/second (a), the isotonic endurance test of repetitions to exhaustion at 30% of the MVC (b), and the isometric test of time to exhaustion (c). For isokinetic (a) and isotonic (b) measurements, the range of movement in the knee joint was set from 90° to full extension (−5°), while for the isometric measurements (c), the knee was placed at 90° angle. During the isotonic test (b), a string was mounted on a movable construction to provide visual feedback on the desired ROM. During the isometric test, the display for visual feedback showed a bar of the applied force and three markers corresponding to 50, 55, and 65% of the participant’s MVC. The instruction was to keep the force between the 65% and 55% markers for as long as possible. The test was ended when the applied force fell below 50% MVC. Neutral feedback was given if the force dropped lower than 55% of MVC. MVC: maximal voluntary contraction; ROM: range of motion.