Table 2.
Demographic and clinical changes in patients in the switched-to-empagliflozin group by HbA1c response to empagliflozin at 6 months.
| Responders (Delta HbA1 at 6 months <0) | Non-responders (Delta HbA1c at 6 months ≥0) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| n | 110 | 45 | --- | |
| Age (year-old) | 60.5 (51.0, 66.4) | 60.4 (52.3, 68.6) | .553 | |
| Gender (male) | 71 (64.5) | 28 (62.2) | .785 | |
| Hypertension | 71 (64.5) | 31 (68.9) | .605 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 79 (71.8) | 36 (80.0) | .291 | |
|
| ||||
| Switched DPP4i | Sitagliptin | 38 (34.5) | 15 (33.3) | .485 |
| Vildagliptin | 36 (32.7) | 15 (33.3) | ||
| Saxagliptin | 16 (14.5) | 3 (6.7) | ||
| Linagliptin | 19 (17.3) | 12 (26.7) | ||
|
| ||||
| Insulin | 40 (36.4) | 16 (35.6) | .924 | |
| Sulfonylurea | 80 (72.7) | 32 (71.1) | .281 | |
| Metformin | 92 (83.6) | 37 (82.2) | .831 | |
| Pioglitazone | 14 (12.7) | 6 (13.3) | .919 | |
| Cancer history | 10 (9.1) | 3 (6.7) | .621 | |
| MACE history | 5 (4.5) | 3 (6.7) | .588 | |
|
| ||||
| HbA1c (%) | Baseline | 9.2 (8.3, 10.0) | 8.0 (7.6, 9.0) | <.001 |
| at 3 months | 8.2 (7.6, 9.1) | 8.3 (7.8, 9.2) | .547 | |
| at 6 months | 7.9 (7.4, 8.6) | 8.5 (7.9, 9.4) | <.001 | |
|
| ||||
| P value of HbA1c in the same group | Baseline vs 3 months | <.001 | .006 | --- |
| Baseline vs 6 months | <.001 | <.001 | ||
| 3 months vs 6 months | <.001 | .086 | ||
|
| ||||
| Body weight (kg) | Baseline | 73.0 (65.8, 84.0) | 71.0 (65.0, 77.5) | .143 |
| at 3 months | 72.0 (65.0, 81.8) | 70.0 (64.5, 75.0) | .125 | |
| at 6 months | 72.3 (64.3, 82.9) | 69.8 (62.8, 74.3) | .168 | |
|
| ||||
| P value of body weight in the same group | Baseline vs 3 months | <.001 | .002 | --- |
| Baseline vs 6 months | <.001 | <.001 | ||
| 3 months vs 6 months | .282 | .012 | ||
|
| ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Baseline | 27.5 (25.0, 30.6) | 26.2 (24.0, 28.6) | .054 |
| at 3 months | 27.0 (24.3, 30.2) | 25.9 (23.9, 28.2) | .185 | |
| at 6 months | 26.7 (24.3, 30.2) | 25.6 (23.1, 28.4) | .088 | |
|
| ||||
| P value of body mass index in the same group | Baseline vs 3 months | <.001 | .003 | --- |
| Baseline vs 6 months | <.001 | <.001 | ||
| 3 months vs 6 months | .087 | .016 | ||
|
| ||||
| Baseline ACR (mg/g) | 25.5 (8.9, 95.7) | 34.9 (8.8, 144.8) | .379 | |
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.98) | 0.84 (0.71, 1.09) | .238 | |
| Creatinine at 3 months | 0.82 (0.69, 0.99) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.20) | .165 | |
| Creatinine at 6 months | 0.85 (0.68, 1.01) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | .688 | |
Values are number (percentage) or median and interquartile ranges. DPP4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; HbA1: glycated hemoglobin; ACR: urinary albumin creatinine ratio; Delta HbA1c at 6 months was defined as the difference in HbA1c level at 6 months minus its level at baseline.