TABLE 4.

Associations Between Encounter Characteristics and ED Visits or Hospitalizations due to Any Device Complications: Unadjusted Regressions

Characteristic	Any Device Complication ED Visit	Any Device Complication Hospitalization
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Device presenta
Baclofen pump	1.1 (0.3–3.9)	0.6 (0.1–2.5)
BiPAP and/or CPAP	0.6 (0.1–5.1)	1.5 (0.4–5.7)
Central venous catheter	6.4 (1.9–21.2)**	6.6 (2.1–20.6)**
Gastrostomy	0.4 (0.2–0.7)**	0.7 (0.4–1.4)
Gastrojejunostomy or jejunostomy	1.8 (0.9–3.7)	3.9 (1.8–8.4)**
Home oxygen	0.6 (0.2–1.3)	1.1 (0.5–2.4)
Ileostomy and/or colostomy	4.0 (1.5–10.9)**	2.0 (0.6–6.8)
Nasogastric or nasojejunal tube	1.1 (0.3–4.7)	—
Tracheostomy without ventilator	1.9 (0.5–7.1)	3.7 (1.4–9.8)**
Tracheostomy with ventilator	0.7 (0.2–2.5)	4.2 (1.7–10.2)**
Vagal nerve stimulator	0.2 (0.0–1.9)	—
Ventricular shunt	1.0 (0.3–3.4)	2.1 (0.8–5.7)
No. devices	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	1.6 (1.2–2.2)**
Race and/or ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	Ref	Ref
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	0.2 (0.0–2.0)	1.3 (0.4–4.4)
Hispanic (any race)	0.4 (0.2–0.8)*	—
Complex chronic conditions	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	1.2 (1.0–1.5)
ED visits (past y)	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)
Scheduled medications	0.9 (0.9–1.0)*	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
Any care received outside institution
Yes	Ref	Ref
No	1.4 (0.7–2.9)	1.5 (0.7–3.2)
Additional resources, therapies
Occupational therapy	0.7 (0.4–1.4)	0.6 (0.3–1.2)
Speech therapy	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.9 (0.4–1.8)
Physical therapy	0.7 (0.3–1.4)	0.5 (0.3–1.0)*
Personal care and/or respite worker	0.4 (0.2–0.9)*	1.9 (0.9–3.7)
Early intervention or individualized education plan	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	1.1 (0.6–2.3)

—, not applicable.

^aDevice present or absent at the time of encounter.

^*P < .05; ** P < .01.