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. 2018 Dec 21;8:18019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36982-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Levels of bone-forming factors ucOC and osteocalcin are significantly lower in stress fracture versus non-fracture subjects. Sera and urine were corrected from stress fracture and non-stress fracture subjects, and levels of indicated parameters were analyzed ((a), bone-resorbing parameters; (b), bone-forming parameters) and compared between groups. Data represent mean levels of indicated parameters ± SD (n = 43 for non stress fracture, n = 13 for stress fracture subjects; *p < 0.05, NS not significant). uDPD, urinary deoxypyridinoline; TRACP5b, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b; uNTX, urinary type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide; BAP, bone alkaline phosphatase; P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide; ucOC, undercarboxylated osteocalcin.