Table 2.

Effect of Piper cubeba L. on urinary parameters in rats

Groups	Treatment	Ca (mg/dl)	Creatinine (mg/dl)	P (mg/dl)	Na (mEq/dl)	Cl (mg/dl)	Mg (mg/dl)
Plain control	1 mL of 5% GA	1.57 ± 0.17	0.88 ± 0.221	63.28 ± 1.53	141.9 ± 10.19	131.6 ± 14.84	1.50 ± 0.28
Disease control A	EG 0.75% and AC1%	5.81 ± 0.97a, ***	0.10 ± 0.138a, *	73.47 ± 0.86a, ***	210.2 ± 21.05a, **	146.1 ± 6.66	0.37 ± 0.12a, **
Disease control B	EG 0.75% and AC1%	8.07 ± 0.21a, ***	0.17 ± 0.15a, *	70.88 ± 0.32a, ***	182.8 ± 10.89	147.7 ± 17.17	0.45 ± 0.10a, **
Standard control	EG 0.75% and AC1% + cystone 750 mg/kg	1.82 ± 0.25b, ***, c, ***	0.82 ± 0.03b, *, c, *	69.71 ± 0.43b, *	142.4 ± 9.36b, **	133.8 ± 6.73	1.42 ± 0.12b, **, c, *
Test group A	EG 0.75% and AC1% + Piper cubebaL. 35 mg/kg	2.09 ± 0.23b, ***, c, ***	0.71 ± 0.11	70.31 ± 0.03	146.1 ± 4.00b, *	144.6 ± 5.10	0.9587 ± 0.11
Test group B	EG 0.75% and AC1% + Piper cubebaL. 60 mg/kg	1.83 ± 0.08b, ***, c, ***	0.73 ± 0.07	70.80 ± 0.04	143.4 ± 2.11b, **	136.6 ± 11.20	1.37 ± 0.17b, **, c, *

EG, ethylene glycol; AC, ammonium chloride; GA, gum acacia.

Values expressed as mean ± SEM.

n = 6 animals in each group.

Test used one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer Multiple Comparisons test.

^aDisease control A, B vs plain control.

^bStandard control; test group A, B vs disease control A.

^cStandard control; test group A, B vs disease control B.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.