Table 4.

Effect of Piper cubeba L. on Kidney Homogenate Parameters (mg/100 g) in Rats

Kidney homogenate analysis
Groups	Treatment	Calcium	Phosphorus
Plain control	1 mL of 5% GA	0.83 ± 0.39	2.22 ± 0.35
Disease control A	EG 0.75% and AC1%	3.33 ± 1.04a, *	4.29 ± 0.29a, *
Disease control B	EG 0.75% and AC1%	2.12 ± 0.58	3.69 ± 0.61
Standard control	EG 0.75% and AC1% + cystone 750 mg/kg	1.05 ± 0.19	2.33 ± 0.32b, *
Test group A	EG 0.75% and AC1% + Piper cubeba L. 35 mg/kg	0.83 ± 0.23b, *	2.66 ± 0.35
Test group B	EG 0.75% and AC1% + Piper cubeba L. 60 mg/kg	0.85 ± 0.17b, *	2.52 ± 0.32

EG, ethylene glycol; AC, ammonium chloride; GA, gum acacia.

Values expressed as mean ± SEM.

n = 6 animals in each group.

Test used one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer Multiple Comparisons test.

^aDisease control A vs plain control.

^bStandard; test group A, B vs disease control A.

^*p < 0.05.