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. 2018 Dec 21;8:18024. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36626-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Atorvastatin treatment increases survival and improved cachexia-remodeling in scAT. (A) Kaplan-Meier survival curves show a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in survival between the Tumor Bearing (TB) mice (N = 15 per group) and Tumor Bearing + ATOR treatment (TB + ATOR) mice (N = 15 per group). (B) Adipose tissue, muscle and tumor weights at study end. (C) Time course of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 induced by LPS (100 ng) and LPS + ATOR treatment (100 μM). (D) Immunohistochemical analysis for UCP1 in scAT. (E) qRT-PCR was performed for Ucp1, Pgc1a, Prdm16, Cidea, Cidec, Adrb1 and Adrb3 (F) Nos2, Cd11c, Cd301 and Arg1 (M1 and M2 macrophage polarization markers) for mRNA quantification in scAT from the different groups. N = 5 per group. (G) Heat map representing the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum from the different experimental groups. White to brown scale depicts cytokine levels in pg/ml. Data were analyzed using the Bio-Plex manager software. N = 8 per group. Scale bars, 200 μm. Graph show the mean ± SEM. Significant differences were determined using Student’s t-test (B,E,F) and two-way ANOVA (C). Subcutaneous AT (scAT); Mesenteric AT (meAT); Brown AT (BAT); Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle (EDL). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.