. 2018 Dec 21;9:5446. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07914-3

Table 2.

Bee size in relation to clothianidin seed treatment, caste and developmental stage

Sample	Model	Response	Predictor	Estimate	χ ² ₁	P-value^a	N	N	N
Sample	Model	Response	Predictor	Estimate	χ ² ₁	P-value^a	Fields	Colonies	Bees
All pupae	CLMM^b	Stage	Caste^d	−1.32 mg	34.09	<0.001	16	62	678
All pupae	LMM^c	Body mass	Caste^d	45.0 mg	18.52	<0.001	16	62	678
Male pupae	CLMM^b	Stage	Treatment	−0.02	0.00	0.959	16	47	456
	LMM^c	Body mass	Treatment	−85.1 mg	20.40	<0.001
			Stage	−8.0 mg	17.10	<0.001
Adult workers	LMM^c	Body mass	Treatment	−21.9 mg	1.76	0.184	16	64	633
Adult workers	LMM^c	Intertegular distance	Treatment	−0.26 mm	5.95	0.015	16	64	633

^aP-values were calculated by likelihood ratio tests with 1 degree of freedom and P < 0.05 is highlighted in bold

^bCLMM = Cumulative link mixed model (with logistic error distribution and logit link)

^cLMM = Linear mixed-effects model (with normal error distribution)

^dDifferences between castes are shown in reference to worker pupae