Table 2.
Mean score changes pre- and postintervention.
| Variable | Baseline score, mean (SD) | Posttreatment score, mean (SD) | Mean change (SE) | t statistics (df) | P value | Cohen d effect sizes |
| ISIa | 15.59 (4.13) | 5.63 (4.76) | 9.96 (1.00) | 9.99 (26) | <.001 | 1.93 |
| ESSb | 7.07 (4.51) | 5.04 (3.82) | 2.04 (0.69) | 2.98 (26) | .006 | 0.57 |
| PSQIc | 11.81 (3.19) | 5.15 (3.43) | 6.67 (0.81) | 8.22 (26) | <.001 | 1.58 |
| PSQI-Ad | 4.59 (3.83) | 2.22 (2.81) | 2.37 (0.67) | 3.55 (26) | .001 | 0.71 |
| PCL-Ce,f,g | 38.41 (14.10) | 27.22 (11.87) | 11.19 (1.86) | 6.58 (26) | <.001 | 1.19 |
| PHQ-9h | 8.41 (5.22) | 3.63 (5.34) | 4.78 (0.81) | 5.89 (26) | <.001 | 1.13 |
| GAD-7i | 6.17 (5.32) | 2.91 (2.94) | 3.26 (0.90) | 3.64 (22) | .001 | 0.74 |
aISI: Insomnia Severity Index.
bESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
cPSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
dPSQI-A: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index–Addendum for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
ePCL-C: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian.
fPCL-C scores were not normally distributed and a natural log transformation was used in the analyses.
gRaw scores are presented.
hPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire 9-itm.
iGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item.