Table 2.

The top N‐mixture models for the three prey species of Amur tigers in Hunchun Nature Reserve, China, 2012–2014, showing the covariates for detection (p) and relative abundance (λ) subset in summer and winter seasons. The best scales (the radius) for scale‐dependent covariates were displayed in parentheses

Species	Seasons	Parameters	Covariates in top models
Sika deer	Summer	p	10‐day interval (categorical), camera days, the quadratic of trail width
		λ	Distance to frontier, elevation (3 km), slope (3 km), human density (2 km), northness (3 km), distance to road, cattle, forest type (3 km)
	Winter	p	10‐day interval (categorical), camera days, the quadratic of trail width
		λ	Elevation (3 km), slope (3 km), human density (3 km), distance to road
Wild boar	Summer	p	10‐day interval (categorical), camera days
		λ	Distance to frontier, elevation (0.5 km), slope (3 km), northness (0.5 km), human activity, distance to river
	Winter	p	10‐day interval (categorical), camera days
		λ	distance to frontier, northness (2 km), human activity, distance to river, forest type (0.5 km)
Roe deer	Summer	p	10‐day interval (categorical), trail width
		λ	distance to frontier, elevation (1 km), human density (0.5 km), northness (3 km), human activity, cattle, distance to river, forest type (1 km)
	Winter	p	10‐day interval (categorical), trail width
		λ	Distance to frontier, road density (1.5 km), forest type (1 km)