Developmental profile of the HDACs of BPH. (a) Developmental profile of the classical HDAC family (NlHDACs). (b) Developmental profile of the sirtuin family (NlSIRTs). Total RNAs were isolated from eggs (n = 100), first-instar (n = 100), second-instar (n = 50), third-instar (n = 50), fourth-instar (n = 30), fifth-instar nymphsinstar (n = 15) and adult females (n = 15), which were laid or ecdysed within 24 h. First-strand cDNA was synthesized using random primers, and qRT-PCR was conducted using specific primers corresponding to each gene. The relative expression level was normalized by the 18S rRNA gene. Bars represent s.e.m. derived from three independent biological replicates.