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. 2018 Dec 22;10:124. doi: 10.1186/s13195-018-0451-2

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — CSF TMAO levels are elevated in individuals with AD dementia and MCI compared to cognitively-unimpaired individuals, after controlling for age, sex, and APOE ε4 genotype. Data presented as violin plots (displaying scaled distribution of data for each group) with inset Tukey boxplots showing median, interquartile range (IQR), and 1.5 × IQR. AD Alzheimer’s disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, MCI mild cognitive impairment, TMAO trimethylamine N-oxide