Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry values at the time of bone marrow oedema syndrome diagnosis
| Diagnostic characteristics | n (%) or mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|
| Patient history and co-existing diseases | ||
| Nicotine abuse | 16/56 (29.6) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, n = 65 | 24.2 ± 4.7 | |
| Thyroid disorders | 14/65 (21.5) | |
| Long-terma PPI medication | 11/62 (17.7) | |
| Long-terma corticosteroid therapy | 7/58 (11.9) | |
| Serum and urine osteological laboratory values, n = 56 | Reference values | |
| Phosphate, mmol/l | 0.97 ± 0.18 | 0.77–1.50 |
| Calcium, mmol/l | 2.26 ± 0.10 | 2.13–2.63 |
| 25-OH-D3, μg/l | 22.9 ± 10.3 | > 30.0 |
| > 30.025-OH-D3, μg/l, unsupplemented patients, n = 36 | 19.0 ± 7.5 | > 30.0 |
| PTH, ng/l | 61.2 ± 31.5 | 17.0–84.0 |
| DPD, nmol/mmol | 7.1 ± 4.1 | 3.0–7.0 |
| Bone-AP, μg/l | 14.8 ± 11.2 | 5.2–24.4 |
| Osteocalcin, μg/l | 20.6 ± 12.9 | 5.4–59.1 |
| Bone metabolism disorders | ||
| Supplemented group, n = 20 | ||
| Sufficient (25-OH-D3 ≥ 30 μg/l) | 11 (55) | |
| Insufficient (25-OH-D3 20 to < 30 μg/l) | 5 (25.0) | |
| Deficient (25-OH-D3 10 to < 20 μg/l) | 4 (20.0) | |
| Very deficient (25-OH-D3 < 10 μg/l) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Unsupplemented group, n = 36 | ||
| Sufficient (25-OH-D3 ≥ 30 μg/l) | 3 (8.3) | |
| Insufficient (25-OH-D3 20 to < 30 μg/l) | 12 (33.3) | |
| Deficient (25-OH-D3 10 to < 20 μg/l) | 21 (58.3) | |
| Very deficient (25-OH-D3 < 10 μg/l) | 3 (8.3) | |
| Secondary hyperparathyroidism, n = 56 | 12 (21.4) | |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism, n = 56 | 1 (1.8) | |
| PPI-induced hypochlorhydria, n = 56 | 3 (5.4) | |
| Osteopenia (lumbar spine T-score ≤ −1.0 and > −2.5), n = 57 | 27 (47.4) | |
| Osteoporosis (lumbar spine T-score ≤ −2.5), n = 57 | 10 (17.5) | |
| Bone mineral density, n = 57 | ||
| Z-score LWS | −1.1 ± 1.4 | |
| Z-score left femur | −0.8 ± 1.0 | |
| Z-score right femur | −0.7 ± 0.9 | |
a At least a year
Bone-AP bone-alkaline phosphatase, BMI body mass index, 25-OH-D3 25-hydroxy vitamin D, DPD deoxypyridinoline, PPI proton pump inhibitor, PTH parathyroid hormone, SD standard deviation