Table 2.
Ultrafine particle-exposure enriched pathways
| Inflammation-related pathways | CO % | LI % |
| Antifolate resistance | 14 | — |
| Chemokine signaling | 10 | — |
| Cellular senescence | 10 | — |
| Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis | 15 | — |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 10 | — |
| Th17 cell differentiation | 10 | — |
| AGE-RAGE signaling (in diabetes) | 15 | 18 |
| IL-17 signaling | 25 | 29 |
| NF-kappa B signaling | 14 | 19 |
| NOD-like receptor signaling | 15 | 22 |
| Oxytocin signaling | 17 | 20 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 14 | 19 |
| TNF signaling | 24 | 31 |
| Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction | — | 14 |
| Other immune-related pathways | CO % | LI % |
| B cell receptor signaling | 15 | — |
| Prolactin signaling pathway | 9 | — |
| T cell receptor signaling pathway | 10 | — |
| Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation | 8 | — |
| Cytosolic DNA-sensing | 14 | 23 |
| C-type lectin receptor signaling | 17 | 25 |
| Toll-like receptor signaling pathway | 11 | 16 |
| Leukocyte transendothelial migration | — | 19 |
| Oxidative stress-related pathways | CO % | LI % |
| FoxO signaling | 12 | — |
| HIF-1 signaling | — | 16 |
The non-infection, non-cancer, immune-related KEGG pathways identified as enriched using Fisher’s exact test with Benjamini-Hochberg control (α=0.05). Columns CO % and LI % denote the proportion of genes identified for each pathway by CoNE and LIMMA approaches, respectively