Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population at baseline
| Obese diabetic | Obese non-diabetic | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric and physical characteristics | |||
| Gender (Male/Female) | 118(64/54) | 166 (67/99) | 0.020 |
| Age (years) | 52±9.4 | 40±11.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.43 ±4.50 | 29.19 ±5.83 | <0.001 |
| PBF (%) | 36.60 ±8.08 | 34.42 ±6.70 | 0.015 |
| Waist (cm) | 105.19 ±11.36 | 96.80 ±14.51 | <0.001 |
| Hip (cm) | 110.97 ±11.82 | 108.50 ±15.63 | 0.117 |
| WBC10 | 7.34 ±1.93 | 6.57 ±1.79 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.83 ±12.13 | 116.87 ±12.18 | 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.28 ±7.47 | 76.15 ±8.11 | 0.210 |
| HR (beats/min) | 82.52 ±13.04 | 78.55 ±11.17 | 0.006 |
| VO2, Max (ml/kg/min) | 15.93 ±4.40 | 19.25 ±4.97 | <0.001 |
| Medication | |||
| Anti-diabetic | |||
| Metformin | 72 % | 1% | - |
| Insulin | 36% | - | - |
| Sulfonylurea | 20% | - | - |
| DPP4 inhibitors | 17% | - | - |
| GLP1 analogues | 3% | - | - |
| Anti-hypertensive | 57% | 10% | - |
| Lipid lowering | 69% | 8% | - |
| Metabolic markers | |||
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.98 ±1.29 | 5.07 ±0.92 | 0.489 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.17 ±0.43 | 1.29 ±0.40 | 0.009 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 3.07 ±1.24 | 3.21 ±0.85 | 0.205 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.72 ±1.07 | 1.25 ±1.25 | <0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 9.04 ±3.64 | 5.30 ±0.72 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.33 ±1.91 | 5.89 ±0.52 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (ng/ml) | 3.90 ±1.88 | 3.42 ±1.99 | 0.072 |
| C-pep (ng/ml) | 3.98 ±5.26 | 5.12 ±6.12 | 0.135 |
| hsCRP (μg/ml) | 5.67 ±4.31 | 4.63 ±4.36 | 0.109 |
| Fetuin-A (mg/ml) | 1.27 ±0.33 | 1.15 ±0.34 | 0.070 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. PBF Percent body fat, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, LDL Low density lipoprotein, TG Triglycerides, HDL High density lipoprotein, C-pep C-peptide, hsCRP High-sensitive C-Reactive Protein. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to determine significance of difference in means between obese diabetic and obese non-diabetic groups
Bold text: p-value <0.05