Table 3.
Clinical and bacteriological findings in cases with positive result from either NGS or conventional methods (blood and catheter tip culture)
| No. | Age | Sex | BT | Skin redness | Bacteria detected by each method | Final diagnosis | Defervescence time (day) | Antibiotic treatment after the catheter removal | Outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGS (the genera or families account for more than 10% of the leads) | Blood culture | Catheter tip culture | Other cultures | |||||||||
| CRI suspected group | ||||||||||||
| NGS positive | ||||||||||||
| 6 | 76 | F | 36.1 | Yes | Serratia | NA | Serratia marcescens | NA | CRI | – | CMZ | Cure |
| 13 | 59 | M | 37.6 | No | Staphylococcus | NA | Negative | NA | SSI | 2 | CPFX | Cure |
| 26 | 59 | M | 37.0 | No | Staphylococcus | Negative | Negative | NA | SSI | 1 | FOM | Cure |
| 30 | 76 | M | 40.0 | Yes | Staphylococcus | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Staphylococcus epidermidis | NA | CRI | 4 | PIPC/TAZ | Cure |
| 92 | 40 | F | 35.9 | No | Enterococcaceae | Negative | Negative | NA | SSI | – | LVFX | Cure |
| 107 | 74 | F | 37.0 | No | Enterococcaceae | Negative | Negative | Enterococcus faecalis (drain culture) | SSI | 1 | IPM/CS | Cure |
| 114 | 65 | F | 38.7 | No | Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae | Negative | Klebsiella pneumoniae | NA | CRI | 1 | CEZ | Cure |
| 135 | 61 | M | 39.0 | No | Staphylococcus | Staphylococcus aureus | Staphylococcus aureus | NA | CRI | 13 | VCM | Deatha |
| 143 | 62 | M | 37.0 | No | Staphylococcus | Negative | Negative | NA | SSI | 1 | LVFX | Cure |
| NGS negative | ||||||||||||
| 112 | 62 | M | 37.5 | Yes | Negative | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Negative | NA | CRI | 1 | VCM | Cure |
| Routine removal group | ||||||||||||
| NGS positive | ||||||||||||
| 31 | 80 | F | 36.4 | No | Staphylococcus | NAb | NA | NA | Post infection (DNAemia) | – | No | – |
| 54 | 70 | M | 36.3 | No | Staphylococcus | NA | NA | NA | Contamination | – | No | – |
| 88 | 65 | F | 36.6 | No | Staphylococcus | NA | NA | NA | Contamination | – | No | – |
| 104 | 82 | F | 35.9 | No | Staphylococcus | NA | NA | NA | Contamination | – | No | – |
| 154 | 52 | M | 36.8 | No | Staphylococcus | NA | NA | NA | Contamination | – | No | – |
BT body temperature, NA not applicable, CEZ cefazolin, CMZ cefmetazole, CPFX ciprofloxacin, FOM fosfomycin, IPM/CS imipenem/cilastatin, LVFX levofloxacin, PIPC/TAZ piperacillin/tazobactam, VCM vancomycin
aAlthough the symptom temporarily improved after catheter removal, CRI finally led to a fatal outcome. An autopsy examination revealed S. aureus bacteraemia
bStaphylococcus capitis was identified 9 days before catheter removal. The catheter was, nevertheless, inserted due to therapeutic requirements