Table 3.
The deviation rate (%) during donning and doffing of personal protective equipment
| Steps | Donning of PPE1 | Donning of PPE2 | Donning of PPE3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedure | Error (%) | Procedure | Error (%) | Procedure | Error (%) | |
| 1. | Visually inspect the PPE ensemble | 0.00 | Visually inspect the PPE ensemble | 0.00 | Visually inspect the PPE ensemble | 0.00 |
| 2. | Perform hand hygiene | 1.67 | Perform hand hygiene | 6.67 | Perform hand hygiene | 1.67 |
| 3. | Put on N95 respirator and perform fit test | 3.33 | Put on inner gloves | 1.67 | Put on N95 respirator and perform fit test | 3.33 |
| 4. | Perform hand hygiene | 5.00 | Put on coverall & inspect for integrity | 8.33 | Perform hand hygiene | 6.67 |
| 5. | Put on hood | 20.00 | Put on rubber boots | 1.67 | Put on cap | 3.33 |
| 6. | Put on full face-shield | 11.67 | Put on N95 respirator and perform fit test | 3.33 | Put on full face-shield | 6.67 |
| 7. | Put on gown | 8.33 | Put on face shield | 15.00 | Put on gown | 1.67 |
| 8. | Perform hand hygiene | 13.33 | Put on hood | 3.33 | Perform hand hygiene | 10.00 |
| 9. | Put on boots | 0.00 | Put on outer apron | 13.33 | Put on gloves | 0.00 |
| 10. | Perform hand hygiene | 3.33 | Put on outer gloves | 6.67 | ||
| 11. | Put on gloves | 0.00 | ||||
| Overall deviation rate | 6.06 | 6.00 | 3.70 | |||
| Doffing of PPE1 | Doffing of PPE2 | Doffing of PPE3 | ||||
| 1. | Remove gloves | 1.67 | Disinfect outer gloves | 13.33 | Remove gloves | 0.00 |
| 2. | Perform hand hygiene | 0.00 | Remove apron | 11.67 | Perform hand hygiene | 1.67 |
| 3. | Remove gown | 5.00 | Disinfect outer gloves | 13.33 | Remove gown | 6.67 |
| 4. | Perform hand hygiene | 0.00 | Remove hood | 8.33 | Perform hand hygiene | 1.67 |
| 6. | Put clogs on the floor | 5.00 | Disinfect outer gloves | 6.67 | Remove full face-shield | 10.00 |
| 7. | Take off the boots and put on clogs | 10.00 | Remove coverall and outer gloves together | 58.33 | Remove cap | 8.33 |
| 8. | Perform hand hygiene | 1.67 | Disinfect inner gloves | 1.67 | Perform hand hygiene | 0.00 |
| Remove full face-shield | 6.67 | Remove face shield | 11.67 | Remove N95 respirator | 3.33 | |
| 9. | Perform hand hygiene | 0.00 | Disinfect inner gloves | 3.33 | Perform Hand Hygiene | 0.00 |
| 10. | Remove hood | 5.00 | Remove N95 respirator | 3.33 | ||
| 11. | Perform hand hygiene | 0.00 | Disinfect inner gloves | 1.67 | ||
| 12. | Remove N95 respirator | 3.33 | Put clogs on the floor | 3.33 | ||
| 13. | Perform hand hygiene | 0.00 | Remove boots and put on clogs | 8.33 | ||
| 14. | Disinfect inner gloves | 5.00 | ||||
| 15. | Remove inner gloves | 1.67 | ||||
| 16. | Perform hand hygiene | 0.00 | ||||
| Overall deviation rate (%) | 2.95 | 9.48 | 3.52 | |||
The top three highest deviation percentages in each type of PPE were bold
PPE1:Hospital Authority Standard Ebola PPE set
PPE2: DuPont™ Tyvek®, Model 1422A
PPE3: Hospital Authority isolation gown for routine patient care and performing aerosol-generating procedures