Table 3.

Same as table 2 but for leave-one-float-out (LOFO) cross-validation.

pressure level	performance metric	spatial mean	reference model	space (one month)	space (three months)	space–time (three months)
10 dbar	RMSE	0.8889	0.7177	0.6823 (4.9%)	0.6954 (3.1%)	0.6489 (9.6%)
	Q3AE	0.8670	0.6107	0.5776 (5.4%)	0.5987 (2.0%)	0.5222 (14.5%)
	MdAE	0.4750	0.3165	0.2981 (5.8%)	0.3062 (3.2%)	0.2552 (19.3%)
300 dbar	RMSE	0.8149	0.7686	0.7486 (2.6%)	0.7483 (2.6%)	0.7388 (3.9%)
	Q3AE	0.6320	0.5942	0.5733 (3.5%)	0.5666 (4.6%)	0.5556 (6.5%)
	MdAE	0.3062	0.2856	0.2753 (3.6%)	0.2732 (4.3%)	0.2664 (6.7%)
1500 dbar	RMSE	0.1337	0.1373	0.1308 (4.8%)	0.1313 (4.4%)	0.1307 (4.8%)
	Q3AE	0.1043	0.1015	0.0976 (3.9%)	0.0973 (4.2%)	0.0959 (5.6%)
	MdAE	0.0530	0.0511	0.0499 (2.3%)	0.0491 (3.7%)	0.0484 (5.3%)