Figure 4.

Disparity-through time plots showing the evolution of morphospace filling in Carangaria using the 1% threshold trait dataset (the highest 12 pPC axes). (a) Accumulation of multivariate disparity through time in 1 Myr time slices (thick black line, observed data; thin black line, after locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) smoothing; blue line, constant rate Brownian motion (BM) null model). (b) Comparison of slopes for the two competing models; shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. (c) Differences in slope for the observed data and the BM null model; values above and below zero indicate the dominance of morphospace expansion versus morphospace packing, respectively.