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. 2018 Dec 7;6(1):e000587. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000587

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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HOMA modeling of phenotypes of T2DM. HOMA-β represents HOMA2 beta cell function; HOMA-S represents HOMA2 insulin sensitivity. Cluster 1 (high insulin resistance and high beta-cell function group [blue circles]) at the upper left is characterized by severe insulin resistance (low HOMA2-%S on x-axis) and high beta-cell function (high HOMA2-%β on y-axis). Cluster 2 (low insulin resistance and low beta-cell function group [green circles]) at the lower right is characterized by high insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S on x-axis) but severely reduced beta-cell function (low HOMA2-%β on y-axis). Cluster 3 (high insulin resistance and low beta-cell function group [red circles]) is characterized both by insulin resistance (low HOMA2-%S on x-axis) and reduced beta-cell function (low HOMA2-%β on y-axis). Reference lines represent the median values of HOMA2 beta-cell function (horizontal line) and HOMA2-S insulin sensitivity (vertical line) of the background control group. HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.