Table 3.
CDI incidence rates meta-estimates by category, age group, and region
| CDI category |
Age group |
Overall |
North America |
Europe |
Western Pacific |
Other | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
IR (95% CI) |
N |
IR (95% CI) |
N |
IR (95% CI) |
N |
IR (95% CI) |
N |
||
|
Number of CDI cases per 1000 admissions | ||||||||||
|
HO-HCF |
Children |
2 |
1.78-1.80 |
1 |
1.78 |
1 |
1.80 |
|||
| Adults |
20 |
3.58 (2.48-5.18) |
14 |
4.27 (2.75-6.62) |
2 |
1.50-4.22 |
3 |
3.05 (2.66-3.50) |
1 |
|
| Elderly |
3 |
3.05 (1.48-6.26) |
2 |
1.69-4.29 |
1 |
3.93 |
||||
| All ages |
12 |
2.09 (1.16-3.74) |
7 |
2.60 (0.96-7.05) |
3 |
0.98 (0.45-2.14) |
1 |
2.68 |
1 |
|
|
ICU |
Hospital |
5 |
7.82 (3.81-16.05) |
1 |
6.62 |
3 |
7.98 (1.72-36.98) |
1 |
||
| Ward-onset |
11 |
11.08 (7.19-17.08) |
4 |
15.82 (8.75-28.59) |
4 |
11.32 (5.24-24.46) |
1 |
2 |
||
|
IM |
Hospital |
7 |
9.41 (3.95-22.40) |
5 |
10.81 (3.88-30.14) |
1 |
3.25 |
1 |
||
| Ward-onset |
4 |
10.80 (3.15-37.06) |
1 |
35.15 |
3 |
7.26 (1.57-33.74) |
||||
|
HCF |
Children |
5 |
0.90 (0.17-4.80) |
2 |
2.27-2.50 |
3 |
0.45 (0.3-8.01) |
|||
| Adults |
24 |
3.26 (2.37-4.50) |
15 |
4.36 (3.01-6.31) |
4 |
1.72 (0.89-3.32) |
4 |
3.42 (2.74-4.27) |
1 |
|
| Elderly |
5 |
5.54 (4.81-6.38) |
3 |
5.72 (4.29-7.63) |
1 |
5.75 |
1 |
4.7 |
||
| All ages |
13 |
2.24 (1.66-3.03) |
3 |
7.14 (4.26-11.98) |
9 |
1.37 (1.06-1.79) |
1 |
6.49 |
||
|
CA |
Children |
3 |
0.52 (0.02-16.06) |
1 |
0.66 |
2 |
0.03-7.09 |
|||
| Adults |
12 |
0.60 (0.25-1.42) |
10 |
0.77 (0.51-1.17) |
1 |
0.26 |
1 |
0.12 |
||
| Elderly |
4 |
1.77 (0.52-6.04) |
3 |
2.58 (1.21-5.51) |
1 |
|||||
| All ages |
7 |
0.55 (0.13-2.37) |
2 |
2.36-5.59 |
4 |
0.23 (0.18-0.29) |
1 |
|||
|
Any |
Children |
5 |
5.05 (3.12-8.17) |
3 |
4.19 (3.28-5.34) |
2 |
3.00-13.75 |
|||
| Adult |
24 |
5.89 (4.64-7.50) |
16 |
7.44 (5.62-9.85) |
4 |
4.12 (0.84-20.40) |
3 |
4.31 (3.02-6.15) |
1 |
|
| Elderly |
2 |
4.4-27.67 |
2 |
4.4-27.67 |
||||||
| All ages |
76 |
1.57 (1.34-1.85) |
5 |
7.52 (4.00-14.13) |
64 |
1.21 (0.98-1.49) |
3 |
2.44 (0.80-7.42) |
4 |
|
|
ICD |
Children |
9 |
2.01 (1.36-2.96) |
9 |
2.00 (1.40-2.85) |
|||||
| Adults |
7 |
9.64 (7.04-13.2) |
7 |
9.69 (7.11-13.19) |
||||||
| Elderly |
4 |
10.77 (7.98-14.54) |
4 |
10.77 (7.98-14.54) |
||||||
| All ages |
13 |
4.26 (3.61-5.05) |
10 |
5.54 (4.69-6.54) |
2 |
0.90-2.39 |
1 |
2.5 |
||
|
Incidence density per 10 000 patient-days | ||||||||||
|
HO-HCF |
Children |
2 |
1.26-2.6 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
1.26 |
|||
| Adults |
20 |
5.68 (4.91-6.56) |
15 |
7.07 (6.09-8.20) |
3 |
3.44 (2.49-4.76) |
2 |
|||
| Elderly |
2 |
6.39-8.46 |
2 |
6.39-8.46 |
||||||
| All ages |
26 |
4.14 (3.10-5.53) |
16 |
6.36 (5.53-7.19) |
4 |
1.67 (0.58-4.84) |
6 |
2.69 (1.32-5.49) |
||
|
ICU |
Hosp |
9 |
7.05 (4.42-11.24) |
1 |
2.68 |
4 |
7.72 (3.72-16.00) |
3 |
10.50 (7.57-14.56) |
1 |
| Ward-onset |
16 |
13.74 (9.46-19.93) |
7 |
18.66 (13.04-26.69) |
7 |
11.17 (5.44-22.93) |
1 |
1 |
||
|
IM |
Hosp |
4 |
7.24 (3.57-14.71) |
1 |
2.16 |
3 |
10.64 (5.02-21.78) |
|||
| Ward-onset |
8 |
9.21 (5.74-14.77) |
2 |
16.00-24.13 |
6 |
7.13 (4.03-12.63) |
||||
|
HCF |
Children |
10 |
3.53 (1.48-8.42) |
6 |
7.43 (4.68-11.78) |
3 |
0.88 (0.18-4.27) |
1 |
2.00 |
|
| Adults |
39 |
5.78 (4.63-7.24) |
21 |
10.25 (7.77-13.53) |
12 |
2.30 (1.95-2.70) |
4 |
5.30 (3.44-8.17) |
2 |
|
| Elderly |
6 |
10.95 (5.08-23.59) |
2 |
11.76-46.83 |
4 |
7.48 (1.8-19.32) |
||||
| All ages |
91 |
3.54 (3.19-3.92) |
12 |
7.03 (5.23-9.44) |
72 |
3.14 (2.80-3.53) |
5 |
3.45 (2.41-4.95) |
2 |
|
|
LTCF |
Ward-onset |
8 |
4.41 (2.36-8.23) |
7 |
5.52 (2.78-10.97) |
1 |
0.94 |
0 |
||
|
Cumulative incidence of CDI per 100 000 population | ||||||||||
|
CA |
Children |
5 |
8.878 (5.67-13.88) |
4 |
9.58 (5.96-15.41) |
1 |
5.42 |
0 |
||
| Adults |
9 |
19.95 (11.57-34.38) |
6 |
25.45 (12.13-45.33) |
3 |
14.36 (6.58-31.35) |
0 |
|||
| Elderly |
6 |
74.41 (37.74-146.70) |
3 |
83.67 (33.23-210.65) |
3 |
65.69 (18.73-230.33) |
0 |
|||
| All ages |
14 |
14.37 (9.92-20.82) |
6 |
13.75 (7.9-23.95) |
7 |
16.57 (8.80-31.22) |
1 |
6.98 |
0 |
|
|
Any |
Children |
8 |
15.27 (7.72-30.192) |
4 |
23.35 (15.08-36.14) |
3 |
10.63 (3.04-37.17) |
1 |
7.49 |
0 |
| Adults |
7 |
78.95 (47.70-130.67) |
3 |
89.57 (51.51-155.73) |
3 |
77.25 (41.07-145.32) |
1 |
58.93 |
0 |
|
| Elderly |
7 |
323.32 (217.82-479.91) |
3 |
502.04 (331.51-760.31) |
3 |
272.44 (159.16-466.35) |
1 |
142.76 |
0 |
|
| All ages |
15 |
41.94 (30.30-58.05) |
4 |
53.52 (24.08-118.98) |
8 |
42.5 (26.94-66.92) |
3 |
29.05 (21.61-37.33) |
0 |
|
| ICD | Children |
4 |
5.45 (2.65-11.23) |
4 |
5.45 (2.65-11.23) |
0 |
||||
| Adults |
6 |
83.62 (64.72-108.04) |
6 |
83.62 (64.71-108.04) |
0 |
|||||
| Elderly |
8 |
219.29 (187.33-256.69) |
7 |
242.64 (207.01-284.39) |
1 |
108 |
0 |
|||
| All ages | 8 | 49.36 (34.01-71.75) | 6 | 59.91 (43.66-82.19) | 2 | 32.70-23.60 | 0 | |||
CDI – Clostridium difficile infection, HO-HCF – hospital onset, health care facility-associated, ICU – intensive care unit, IM – internal medicine, HCF – health care facility-associated, CA – community-associated, ICD – International classification of diseases, LTCF – long term care facility, Other – Latin America, Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, N – Number of data entries in meta-analysis, IR – incidence rate point estimate; 95% CI – 95% confidence intervals