Table 2.
Exposure to air pollutants and semen quality
| Outcome | Air pollution | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM10 | PM2,5 | Pb, Cd | NOx | SOx | PAHs | O3 | CO | Ehoust partciles - diesel | |
| Volume | Santi 2016 + ↑ Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 - Rubes 2005 - |
Santi 2016 - | Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 - Rubes 2005 - |
Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 - Rubes 2005 - |
Song 2013 - Han 2011 - Rubes 2007 - Jurewicz 2013 + ↑ |
||||
| Concentration (×106/mL) | Santi 2016 - Zhou 2014 + ↑ Rubes 2007 - Rubes 2005 - Wu 2016 + ↓ Sokol 2006 - |
Santi 2016- Wu 2016 + ↓ Hammound 2010 - Hansen 2010 - |
Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 - Rubes 2005 - Sokol 2006 - Calogero 2011 + ↓ |
Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 - Rubes 2005 - Calogero 2011 + ↓ |
Song 2013 - Han 2011 - Rubes 2007 - Xia 2009b + ↓ |
Hansen 2010 - Sokol 2006 + ↓ |
Sokol 2006 - | ||
| Sperm count | Santi 2016 - Sokol 2006 - Rubes 2005 - Wu 2006 + ↓ |
Santi 2016 + ↑ Wu 2016 + ↓ Hansen 2010 - |
Sokol 2006 - Rubes 2005 - Calogero 2011 + ↓ Boggia 2009 - |
Rubes 2005 - Calogero 2011 + ↓ |
Han 2011 - Xia 2009b + ↓ |
Hansen 2010 - | Sokol 2006 - | Guven 2008 + ↓ | |
| Morphology (% of sperm with normal morphology) (%) | Santi 2016 + ↑ Zhou 2014 + ↓ Rubes 2007 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ Radwan 2016 + ↓ |
Santi 2016 - Hammound 2010 - Hansen 2010 – Radwan 2016 + ↓ |
Zhou 2014 + ↓ Rubes 2007 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ Calogero 2011 + ↓ Boggia 2009 – Radwan 2016 + ↓ |
Zhou 2014 + ↓ Rubes 2007 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ Calogero 2011 + ↓ Radwan 2016 + ↓ |
Han 2011 – Rubes 2007 – Jurewicz 2013 + ↓ |
Hansen 2010 – Radwan 2016 + ↓ |
Selevan 2000 + ↓ | Guven 2008 + ↓ | |
| Progressive motility (%) | Santi 2016 - Wu 2016 - Zhou 2014 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ |
Santi 2016 - Wu 2016 - |
Zhou 2014 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ Calogero 2011 + ↓ |
Zhou 2014 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ Calogero 2011 + ↓ |
Selevan 2000 + ↓ | ||||
| Total motility (%) | Santi 2016 – Wu 2016 - Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 – Sokol 2006 - Rubes 2005 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ |
Santi 2016 – Wu 2016 - Hammound 2010 + ↓ |
De Rosa 2003 + ↓ | Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 - Sokol 2006 - Rubes 2005 - Selevan 2000 + ↓ Calogero 2011 + ↓ Boggia 2009 + ↓ De Rosa 2003 + ↓ |
Zhou 2014 - Rubes 2007 - Rubes 2005 -Selevan 2000 + ↓ Calogero 2011 + ↓ De Rosa 2003 + ↓ |
Song 2013 + Han 2011 - Rubes 2007 - Jurewicz 2013 + ↑ |
Sokol 2006 - | Sokol 2006 -Selevan 2000 + ↓ De Rosa 2003 + ↓ |
Guven 2008 + ↓ |
| Sperm DNA damage | Rubes 2007 + ↑ Rubes 2005 + Zhou 2014 + ↑ Selevan 2000 + Rawdan 2016 + ↓ |
Hansen 2010 - Radwan 2016 - |
Rubes 2007 + ↑ Rubes 2005 + Zhou 2014 + ↑ Selevan 2000 + Calogero 2011 + ↓ Radwan 2016 - De Rosa 2003 + ↓ |
Rubes 2007 + ↑ Rubes 2005 + Zhou 2014 + ↑ Selevan 2000 + Calogero 2011 + ↑ Radwan 2016 – De Rosa 2003 + ↓ |
Rubes 2007 + ↑ Rubes 2005 + Han 2011 + ↑ Jurewicz 2013 + |
Hansen 2010 - Sokol 2006 + ↑ |
Selevan2000 + Rawdan 2016 - |
||
| Sperm aneuploidy | Jurewicz 2015 + ↑ | Jurewicz 2015 + ↑ | Robbins 1999 + ↑ | Radwan 2015 + ↑ | |||||
| Reproductive hormones | Radwan 2016 + ↑ | Radwan 2016 + ↑ | De Rosa 2003 - | Calogero 2011 - Boggia 2009 - De Rosa 2003 - |
Calogero 2011 - De Rosa 2003 - |
De Rosa 2003 - Radwan 2016 + ↑ |
|||
PM10 particulate matter < 10 μ3, PM 2,5 particulate matter < 2,5 μm, Pb lead, Cd cadmium, NOx nitrogen oxides, SOx sulfur dioxide, PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, O3 ozone, CO carbon monoxide
+ significant association; − non significant association; ↑ increase; ↓ decrease