Table 1. COPD cost categories and resources used for estimation.
| Category | Data sources |
|---|---|
| Direct medical | |
| Formal | |
| Reimbursed | Institutional investigation |
| KHIRA | |
| Informal | |
| Non-reimbursed | Institutional investigation |
| KHIRA | |
| CAMS | Patient survey |
| Medical equipment | Patient survey |
| Direct non-medical | |
| Transportation | Institutional investigation |
| Korea Health Panel data | |
| Nursing | Patient survey |
| Indirect | |
| Loss of productivity | Patient survey |
| Premature deaths | National cause of death statistics |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; KHIRA: Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service; CAMs: complementary and alternative medicines.