Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
| Category | Costs (million USD) | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Direct medical | ||
| Formal | 206.9 | 16.6 |
| Informal | 44.2 | 3.5 |
| Direct non-medical | ||
| Transportation | 4.3 | 0.3 |
| Nursing | 486.3 | 39.0 |
| Indirect | ||
| Loss of productivity | 407.8 | 32.7 |
| Premature deaths | 96.2 | 7.7 |
| Total | 1245.6 | 100 |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; USD: US dollar.
