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. 2018 Dec 17;12:112. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00112

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Copyright © 2018 Saito, Sawada and Aoki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Evaluation of immunohistochemical staining. (A) Comparison of the ratio of the number of HE-positive cells in the hippocampal sub-regions. (B) Comparison of the ratio of NCAM-positive cell areas in the hippocampal sub-regions. (C) Comparison of the ratio of GFAP-positive cell areas in the hippocampal sub-regions. (D) Comparison of the ratio of Iba-1-positive cell areas in the hippocampal sub-regions. Significant difference in the cell density in CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG was detected between 3-week-old normal and radiation-exposed rat brains. Significant difference in the percentage area of NCAM-positive mossy fibers through the DG to CA3 was detected between 3-week-old normal and radiation-exposed rat brains. In all subregions of the hippocampus, there were significant decreases in the cell density and mossy fiber areas in radiation-exposed rats as compared to control rats. The density of GFAP-positive cells in DG was higher in control rats than in radiation-exposed rats (C; ***p < 0.001). In addition, there were differences in the distribution of Iba1-positive cells in DG between the control and radiation-exposed rats (D; ***p < 0.001). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001; Tukey’s multiple comparison test. N-CA1-3, CA1-3 of a normal rat; N-DG, dentate gyrus of a normal rat; R-CA1-3, CA1-3 of a radiation-exposed rat; R-DG, dentate gyrus of a radiation-exposed rat.