Table 3.
Summary of the evidence for each outcome.
| Lateral wedge insole compared to flat(neutral)insole for knee osteoarthritis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects ∗ (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with flat(neutral)insole | Risk with lateral wedge insole | ||||
| WOMAC pain follow up: mean 6 months |
The mean WOMAC pain was 29.38 SMD | The mean WOMAC pain in the intervention group was 0.07 SMD higher (0.09 lower to 0.24 higher) | 570 (4 RCTs) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW a |
WOMAC pain (SMD=0.07, 95% CI: −0.09, 0.24), Not statistically significant |
|
| |||||
| WOMAC stiffness index follow up: mean 6 months |
The mean WOMAC stiffness index was 31.06 SMD | The mean WOMAC stiffness index in the intervention group was 0.03 SMD higher (0.14 lower to 0.21 higher) | 512 (3 RCTs) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW a,b |
WOMAC stiffness (SMD=0.03, 95% CI: −0.14, 0.21). Not statistically significant |
|
| |||||
| WOMAC Function follow up: mean 6 months |
The mean WOMAC Function was 37.04 SMD | The mean WOMAC Function in the intervention group was 0.13 SMD higher (0.04 lower to 0.31 higher) | 512 (3 RCTs) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW a,b |
WOMAC function (SMD=0.13, 95% CI: −0.04, 0.31). Not statistically significant |
|
| |||||
| Pain score assessed with: VAS follow up: mean 6 months |
The mean pain score was 13.39 SMD | The mean pain score in the intervention group was 0.02 SMD lower (0.19 lower to 0.16 higher) | 505 (5 RCTs) |
⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE a |
Pain scale (SMD = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.19, 0.16) Not statistically significant |
|
| |||||
| Lequesne index follow up: mean 6 months |
The mean Lequesne index was 9.94 SD | The mean Lequesne index in the intervention group was 0.27 SD lower (0.72 lower to 0.19 higher) | 213 (3 RCTs) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW a,b |
Lequesne index (SMD=−0.27, 95% CI:−0.72, 0.19) Not statistically significant |
|
| |||||
| Femorotibial angle follow up: mean 2 weeks |
The mean femorotibial angle was 176.62 SD | The mean femorotibial angle in the intervention group was 0.41 SD lower (0.73 lower to 0.09 lower) | 155 (2 RCTs) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW a,c |
Femorotibial angle (FTA) (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI:−0.73, -0.09). Statistically significant |
∗ The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).