Table 3.

Outcome Measures Assessed in Studies Meeting Inclusion Criteria and the Strength of the Body of Evidence for Each Outcome Studied.

First Author, Year	In-Hospital					Short-Term (Within 30 days)		Midterm (1 Month to 2 Years)
	POD	Mortality	Complications	Discharge Disposition	Length of Stay	Mortality	Complications	Mortality	Functionality	Complications
Guerinia, 201016								X
Jankowski, 201117	X
Vekama, 201525									X
Liang, 201518	X			X	X	X		X	X
Tow, 201619	X
Puustinen, 201620	X			X					X
Culley, 20178	X		X	X	X	X	X
Memtsoudis, 201021		X
Bozic, 201222								X
Bozic, 201423										X
Buller, 201424		X	X	X	X
Summary of evidencea	(4) 2b, (1) 4; consistent results	(2) 2b; inconsistent results	(2) 2b; inconsistent results	(3) 2b, (1) 4; consistent results	(3) 2b, consistent results	(2) 2b; inconsistent results	(1) 2b; inconsistent results	(1) 3b, (2) 2b; consistent results	(2) 4, (1) 2b; inconsistent results	(1) 2b
Quality of body of evidenceb	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low

^a Level of evidence based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine’s “Levels of Evidence.”

^b Grading based on the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Evidence Collaboration’s “Grading the Body of Evidence.”