Table 1.
Weighted sample characteristics for adults with airflow obstruction consistent with COPD and the comparison group.
| Control | COPD | Univariate test | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (men), %N | 47.8 (7,209,724) | 55.2 (1,437,262) | F = 4.8 | 0.03 |
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| Age (years), M (Se) | 52.2 (0.2) | 57.1 (0.5) | t = 7.7 | 0.0001e−09 |
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| BMI, M (Se) | 27 (0.2) | 25.77 (0.3) | t = −5.1 | 0.0004e−03 |
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| Worked at job last year, %(N) | ||||
| Yes | 73.8 (11,120,963) | 59.6 (1,548,769) | F = 17.1 | 0.0007e−03 |
| No | 23.6 (3,554,449) | 34.2 (888,519) | ||
| Study/retired | 2.7 (400,151) | 6.2 (161,012) | ||
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| Marital status (alone), %(N) | 23.4 (3,521,001) | 35.3 (921,516) | F = 14.8 | 0.0001 |
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| Income, %(N) | ||||
| <$15k | 3.3 (503,026) | 5.7 (148,953) | F = 4 | 0.0004 |
| $15k–$19.99k | 2.1 (314,984) | 4.7 (122,368) | ||
| $20k–$29.99k | 7.6 (1,145,997) | 11.7 (305,177) | ||
| $30k–$39.99k | 9.3 (1,406,009) | 13.8 (360,495) | ||
| $40k–$49.99k | 10 (1,510,219) | 10.2 (266,676) | ||
| $50k–$59.99k | 8.3 (1,258,115) | 9.7 (252,317) | ||
| $60k–$79.99k | 15.5 (2,336,038) | 13 (338,775) | ||
| $80k-$99.99k | 12.1 (1,825,625) | 8.8 (228,037) | ||
| ≥$100k | 31.6 (4,768,563) | 22.4 (582,489) | ||
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| Education, %(N) | ||||
| Lower than high school | 4.5 (684,534) | 3.7 (95 553) | F = 6.1 | 0.0001e−01 |
| High school | 8.7 (1,320,078) | 16.7 (430,033) | ||
| Work school | 17 (2,560,089) | 16.1 (414,645) | ||
| College | 9.6 (1,456,458) | 6.3 (163,051) | ||
| University < bachelor | 12.3 (1,861,439) | 7.8 (200,974) | ||
| University ≥ bachelor | 17.2 (2,591,464) | 11.9 (304,806) | ||
| Missing | 30.7 (4,629,193) | 37.4 (961,546) | ||
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| Self-reported symptoms and disease | ||||
| Self-reported COPD, %(N) | 0.3 (48 394) | 6.6 (172,681) | F = 106.2 | 0.0002e−12 |
| Cough phlegm regularly, %(N) | 9.9 (1,493,964) | 20.4 (531,364) | F = 34.7 | 0.0007e−05 |
| Simple chores make short of breath, %(N) | 9.1 (1,374,510) | 17.9 (466,106) | F = 22.2 | 0.0003e−02 |
| Self-rated health, %(N) | ||||
| Fair/poor | 11.2 (1,687,499) | 16.6 (433,036) | F = 8.1 | 0.005 |
| (Very)good/excellent | 88.8 (13,381,077) | 83.4 (2,172,250) | ||
| Self-rated health compared to 1 year ago, %(N) | ||||
| Much better/somewhat/about the same | 86.6 (13,043,443) | 83.4 (2,172,889) | F = 1.7 | 0.19 |
| Somewhat/much worse | 13.4 (2,025,133) | 16.6 (432,396) | ||
| Self-reported mood disorder, %(N) | 11 (1,653,201) | 11.9 (309,163) | F = 0.2 | 0.64 |
| Other physical or mental conditions, %(N) | 20.7 (3,123,929) | 17.2 (447,954) | F = 1.8 | 0.18 |
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| Psychosocial outcomes | ||||
| Self-rated quality of life, %(N) | ||||
| Fair/poor | 6.1 (915,796) | 6.7 (175,346) | F = 0.1 | 0.72 |
| (Very)good/excellent | 93.9 (14,158,701) | 93.3 (2,424,018) | ||
| Self-rated mental health, %(N) | ||||
| Fair/poor | 5.4 (818,961) | 7.5 (195,594) | F = 1.1 | 0.3 |
| (Very)good/excellent | 94.6 (14,256,256) | 92.5 (2,403,050) | ||
| Self-rated stress, %(N) | ||||
| Not at all/not very/a bit stressful | 78.4 (11,813,678) | 78.3 (2,043,899) | F = 0.002 | 0.97 |
| Quite a bit/extremely stressful | 21.6 (3,249,461) | 21.7 (566,824) | ||
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| Sleep outcomes | ||||
| Sleep duration, M (Se) | 7 (0.03) | 7.1 (0.06) | t = 0.6 | 0.54 |
| Frequency of sleep problems, %(N) | ||||
| Never/rarely/sometimes | 77.8 (11,712,338) | 74.2 (1,940,200) | F = 2.59 | 0.06 |
| Most of the/all the time | 22.2 (3,347,745) | 25.8 (673,579) | ||
| Restorative sleep, %(N) | ||||
| Never/rarely/sometimes | 40.7 (6,127,211) | 37.6 (982,096) | F = 1.9 | 0.14 |
| Most of the/all the time | 59.3 (8,932,682) | 62.4 (1,631,872) | ||
| Difficulty staying awake, %(N) | ||||
| Never/rarely/sometimes | 95 (14,316,265) | 94.7 (2,473,213) | F = 0.03 | 0.86 |
| Most of the/all the time | 5 (746,161) | 5.3 (138,222) | ||
| Smoking variables | ||||
| Smoking, %(N) | 16.1 (2,428,599) | 43 (1,121,876) | F = 86.4 | 0.0002e−12 |
| Age at first smoking the whole cig, M (Se) | 16 (0.2) | 15.5 (0.2) | t = −1.8 | 0.07 |
| Age at smoking everyday, M (Se) | 18.9 (0.2) | 19 (0.8) | t = 0.1 | 0.95 |
| Number of cig smoked/day when at least one cig/month, M (Se) | 6.1 (0.2) | 6.7 (0.3) | t = 1.5 | 0.13 |
| Number of years smoked daily (former daily smokers), M (Se) | 18.3 (0.5) | 24 (1) | t = 5.2 | 0.0003e−03 |
| Levels of cotinine, M (Se) | 215.2 (19.1) | 609.9 (60.1) | t = 6.2 | 0.0001e−05 |
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| Spirometry | ||||
| FEV1/FVC, M (Se) | 0.78 (0.001) | 0.64 (0.003) | t = −46.6 | 0.0002e−12 |
| FEV1 predicted, M (Se) | 103.5 (0.4) | 84.9 (0.9) | t = −18.8 | 0.0002e−12 |
| Characteristics of physical activity and sedentary | ||||
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| Acc wearing time (min/day), M (Se) | 13.7 (0.04) | 13.8 (0.1) | t = 0.5 | 0.63 |
| MVPA (min/day), M (Se) | 18.7 (0.6) | 16.4 (1.5) | t = −1.9 | 0.06 |
| LPA (min/day), M (Se) | 213.1 (2.8) | 215.2 (5.6) | t = 0.4 | 0.71 |
| Steps (steps/day), M (Se) | 7621.2 (111.9) | 7712.7 (256.5) | t = 0.3 | 0.74 |
| Sed (min/day), M (Se) | 557.3 (2.4) | 560.6 (6.6) | t = 0.4 | 0.66 |
Note. BMI = body mass index, cig = cigarette, Acc = accelerometer, LPA = light physical activity, MVPA = moderate and vigorous physical activity, Sed = sedentary behavior.